Magma , gelatin and ballistic gel .
Andre Willers
4 May 2013
Synopsis :
One-to-one correlations between the three can be established
. Gaia Football is dared by the nerds .
Discussion :
1.Magma :
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HAL : hal-00811444, version 1
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Tectonophysics 582 (2013) 101-111
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Gelatine as a
crustal analogue: Determining elastic properties for modelling magmatic
intrusions
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(2013)
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Gelatine has often been used as an analogue material to model
the propagation of magma-filled fractures in the Earth's brittle and elastic
crust. Despite this, there are few studies of the elastic properties of
gelatine and how these evolve with time. This important information is
required to ensure proper scaling of experiments using gelatine. Gelatine is
a viscoelastic material, but at cool temperatures (Tr ~ 5-10 °C) it is in the
solid 'gel' state where the elastic behaviour dominates and the viscous component
is negligible over short to moderate timescales. We present results from a
series of experiments on up to 30 litres of maximum 30 wt.% pigskin gelatine
mixtures that document in detail how the elastic properties evolve with time,
as a function of the volume used and gel concentration (Cgel). Gelatine's
fracture toughness is investigated by measuring the pressure required to
propagate a pre-existing crack. In the gel-state, gelatine's Young's modulus
can be calculated by measuring the deflection to the free-surface caused by
an applied load. The load's geometry can affect the Young's modulus
measurement; our results show its diameter needs to be ≲ 10% of both the container diameter and the
gelatine thickness (Hgel) for side-wall and base effects to be ignored.
Gelatine's Young's modulus increases exponentially with time, reaching a
plateau (E∞) after several hours curing. E∞ depends linearly on Cgel, while
Tr, Hgel and the gelatine's thermal diffusivity control the time required to
reach this value. Gelatine's fracture toughness follows the same relationship
as ideal elastic-brittle solids with a calculated surface energy γs = 1.0 ±
0.2 J m− 2. Scaling laws for gelatine as a crustal analogue intruded by magma
(dykes or sills) show that mixtures of 2-5 wt.% gelatine cured at ~ 5-10 °C
ensure the experiments are geometrically, kinematically and dynamically
scaled.
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2. Ballistic gel
How to make it . Just gelatin
3.Gelatin
4.The relevance : Asteroid impacts .
See Appendix I .
Gelatin and magma can easily be related .
This means you can use all those thousands of projectile
porn Youtubes as hard evidence for asteroid and meteor impacts .
5. For the terminally amused :
Construct gelatin (ballistic gel) models of the planet .
Then shoot the hell out of it on Youtube .
It will even be Science if you include things like bullet
characteristics , planetary characteristics .
6. Actually , it sounds like it might be quite fun .
7. For the final , the football team can see if they can
crush the gelatin Earth . If they can’t , they have to eat it . Nerds vs Jocks
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That will be one tough Gaia !
Andre
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Appendix I
Single Asteroid impacts
are greatly exaggerated .
Andre Willers
3 May 2013
Synopsis :
Any projectile that punches through
the crust has it’s energy dissipated in the magma , which is more like
ballistic gel . Binary asteroids can cause much greater destruction to the
biosphere .
Discussion :
1.You can watch projectile porn ad
nauseam on Youtube . Any conceivable projectile impact on the planet can be
watched in motion and colour . See Appendix A .
2.The ballistic gel is the planetary
magma .
3.Ragged edges on entry translates
as damage to the biosphere . Small percentages of energy that leaks out at
right angles to the impact .
4. The major point is that only a
small fraction of the kinetic energy gets transferred to the biosphere at the
point of impact .
The rest is smothered by the
bomb-blanket of the planetary magma . It will pop up later , but slower , in
drips-and-drabs .
5.With binary asteroids , a larger
fraction is transferred to the biosphere because of interference effects at the
point of impact .
See NewScientist 9 Feb 2013 p11
“Dinosaur-killing space rock was a terrible twosome”
6. Biosphere strikes of single rocks
are limited and plateaus . Multiple near-simultaneous strikes causes a much
larger side-ways flash of energy .The biosphere damage can be very severe as
significant percentages of the impactor plasma is blown sideways into the
biosphere . The impact craters will coalesce , with typically ragged “shark’s
tooth” spikes on the edges of the combined crater ( 2 X (number of impactors –
1) )
7. I am a bit pissed off . Any of
the so-called scientists in the last 60 years should have called it . They knew
it .
8. Instead they chose to play the
“Wolf-Wolf” card for short term gain . Now nobody is going to watch for the 15%
of near-Earth impactors that are multiples . The Real killers .
9.Humans deserve to be extinct .
Disgusted .
Andre
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Appendix A
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Am-yilkq5VI
. A small asteroid . Note the typical small crater-like entry points .
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbFLY9OIqPA
shotgun . note ragged entry points . Binary asteroids .
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqxq9HLp8N4
: magnum 357 at 3 330 m/s compared to asteroid impact of 11 000 m/s .
Even a small ballistic gel envelope survives the impact . A envelope comparable
to the Earth’s volume will hardly show it .
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