Super Tea Update 1
Andre Willers
11 Nov 2013
Synopsis :
Another plant high altitude adaptogen from Tibet .
Discussion :
1.Rheum Nobile : a rhubarb
See Appendix A
“the stems of the green leaves are edible. Hooker noted that
they taste pleasant and are much eaten”
Another adaptogen .
The word rhubarb is of Latin origin. The ancient Romans
imported rhubarb roots from unknown, barbarian lands. The lands were beyond the
Vogue river, sometimes known as the Rha River. Rha was first adopted to mean rhubarb. Imported from
barbarians across the Rha the plant became Rha barbarum and eventually
rhabarbarum, Latin for rhubarb plant. The modern English word rhubarb derives
from rhabarbarum.
Anti-lung cancer effect . See Appendix C .
Human lungs at high altitudes are significantly more
inclined to micro-cancers due to increased radiation and environmental stress
These degrade lung performance , even though they do not
kill the person .
Rheum Nobile , or any high altitude rhubarb will help offset
this , thereby increasing survival fitness before age 16 (ie procreation)
Critical at high altitudes .
Note that Rhubarb is also a noted laxative . It clears tubes
.
Cape Aloe is a rhubarb . These products are widely available
.
Notice one major difference :
R.Nobile is sweetish , whereas Aloe is bitter as hell . This
means that R.Nobile was dependant on humans for reproduction .
Ie cultivated and
bred . There should be mini-pots along least-effort paths linking the plants ,
since they would have been watered by hand by lazy humans , mainly juveniles .
A natural selection for sweetness . The juveniles would have neglected the
bitter plants
Athletics and Sports :
Performance would be significantly enhanced by rhubarb
chemicals . Especially before age 18 -20 .
What do you know . I did not expect this .
2.Rhodiola rosea
See Appendix B
A more direct adaptogen , but synergistic with R. Nobile .
3.Chemicals in these plants enabled humans to survive high
altit
4.PEEP .
Software , lifestyle adaptations .
See Appendix D
Tibetan yoga .
One nose , both noses , no noses .
The same effect .
Rhubarb pie , anyone ?
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix A
THE foothills of the Himalayas are lush and
verdant. But the higher you go, the shorter
the plants get. Above the treeline, at around
4000 metres above sea level, conditions are
extreme. It's cold and windy, the steep
slopes consist mostly of shattered rocks
rather than soil, and from above comes an
invisible barrage of ultraviolet light. The
plants here are tiny and cling closely to the
mountainsides, barely peeking above the
screeclad slopes. Every now and then,
though, a towering pale form looms,
ghostlike, out of the mist.
When the botanist Joseph Hooker caught his first glimpse of this peculiar plant in the 1840s, he
was "quite at a loss to conceive what it could be". From a base of normal green leaves rises a
hollow column made of overlapping paleyellow leaves. The columns can grow nearly 2 metres
high, dwarfing the other vegetation around them.
So how does this plant manage to grow so much larger than others at this altitude? The
translucence of the column suggests an amazing answer: it grows its own greenhouse.
When Hooker examined the plant closely, he identified it as a member of the rhubarb family. He
named it Rheum nobile, the noble rhubarb. Like the species widely grown for food, the stems of
the green leaves are edible. Hooker noted that they taste pleasant and are much eaten – perhaps
too pleasant, for the plant is now endangered in the wild.
A few botanical gardens and plant enthusiasts grow Rheum nobile, but it rarely flowers away from
its natural habitat, and the flowers are the extraordinary part. The hollow columns are actually
flower spikes. The pale yellow leaves – or bracts, as botanists call these modified leaves – grow
from each spike, surrounding and hiding the flowers inside. "On a scale of 1 to 10 for botanical
novelty, it's probably getting towards 8," says David Simpson, head of the herbarium at Kew
Gardens in London, where the specimen collected by Hooker is still stored.
The bracts keep the flowers enclosed throughout their development and pollination, and while fruit
and seeds form. Only after that do they turn brown and fall off, exposing the nowdead seed
bearing stem within. "In the winter these naked black stems, projecting from the beetling cliffs or
towering above the snow, are in dismal keeping with the surrounding desolation of that season,"
Hooker wrote.
But why enclose the flowers in the first place? Rheum nobile is often referred to as a "glasshouse
plant", but it is unclear who first suspected it might act as one. The earliest such reference New
Scientist could find was by the Japanese botanist Sasuke Nakao in 1964. "The flowers open in
the selfmade warm room," he wrote. This boosts pollination, Nakao proposed, by providing
favourable conditions for insects.
Another Japanese botanist, Hideaki Ohba, later suggested the warmth boosts the growth of the
plant itself as well. "The inflorescence is sheltered by papery and translucent leafy bracts that can
be compared to the glass of a hothouse," he wrote in a 1988 book.
In the 1990s, a study confirmed that the hollow columns do have a "greenhouse effect". The
bracts allow visible and infrared light to pass through and they trap the resulting heat, just like the
glass or plastic of a greenhouse.
A few other plants also appear to exploit this effect. Most are inconspicuous affairs, but Rheum
alexandrae, another rhubarb, looks like a smaller version of R. nobile. It seems to be a case of
parallel evolution, though. The genetic evidence suggests that their hollow columns evolved
independently, says Jianquan Liu, a molecular ecologist at Lanzhou University in China.
But what exactly did they evolve for? Although the pale bracts lack chlorophyll, they are packed
with substances that absorb ultraviolet light. It could be, for example, that they evolved to be, and
are needed as, UV filters, and that the greenhouse effect is entirely incidental.
So Hang Sun, a botanist at the Kunming Institute of Botany in China, sent two students to
investigate what, if any, benefits the bracts provide. Using the remote Tibetan village of Wengshui
as a base, they drove a hired car up into the mountains each morning to monitor Rheum nobile
plants growing in the wild. They removed the bracts from some plants before they flowered, from
others after they flowered, and left a third group intact.
Their work confirmed Nakao's suggestion about insects. The main pollinator of Rheum nobile, a
fungus gnat, showed a strong preference for visiting plants that still had all their bracts –
presumably attracted to the warm shelter within. Intact plants are also easier to find, Sun thinks.
"These bracts act as a flag to help pollinators to locate their host."
The team also confirmed the importance of the UV filtering. When pollenbearing flowers were
exposed to high UV levels in the lab without the protection of the bracts, far fewer pollen grains
germinated. However, the normal, chlorophyllcontaining leaves at the base of the plant provide
more UV protection than the bracts, so the translucence of the bracts must have evolved for
another reason.
The bracts also protect the flowers from rain and hail, Sun's team found. Rheum nobile flowers
during the rainy season and, in plants whose bracts were removed, most of the pollen grains were
washed away. Again, though, this does not explain the bracts' translucence.
It is, however, necessary for the greenhouse effect. On a sunny day, the air was around 10°C
warmer inside the columns than outside (see diagram), a finding in keeping with observations by
other researchers. But Sun and his team went further, collecting pollen from several flowers and
showing that grains kept at higher temperatures were much more likely to germinate. So the extra
warmth really does matter for pollination.
The warmth and shelter boosts seed development, too. Plants with intact bracts produced larger
seeds that were more likely to germinate than those whose bracts were removed after flowering,
the team found (Oecologia, vol 172, p 359). "The bracts act as a greenhouse to increase the
temperature, and thus promote pollen germination and seed development," Sun concludes. They
are an ingenious solution to the hostile environment, he says.10/26/13
Extreme rhubarb: The plant that grows a greenhouse - environment - 22 October
2013 - New Scientist
www.newscientist.com/article/mg22029390.900-extreme-rhubarb-the-plant-that-grows-a-greenhouse.html?full=true&print=true#.UmwjVGRDtjg
3/4
From issue 2939 of New Scientist magazine
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix B
Super Tea .
Andre Willers
14 Nov 2011
Synopsis :
Why did Tibetan refugees survive
5000 yrs ago ?
Yaks and Rhodiola rosea enabled
short-term survival while ferocious natural selection altered the genome for
high-altitude utilization .
Discussion :
Yaks ate Rhodiola's (see Appendix A)
, root and branch .
Humans ate or drank yak milk after
churning and/or heating .
The Rhodiola's chemicals end up in
Tibetan Tea .
This would have an anti-anxiety
effect .
Which is why Tibetans and presumably
their cousins the Mongols are always described as cheerful in traveller's
accounts . An essential to survival in tough times .
But there are other adaptogens .
Look at the forbs and clovers .
This enabled a large enough
percentage of the high-plateau refugees to survive long enough to have
grandchildren . Since these were adaptogens , not stimulants , genome
modifications had to be made via selection . And fairly rapidly .
Hence the record on the human genome
history .
South America :
Here there was a different route to
high-altitude usage .
Coca Mate . Google it .
The coca plant co-evolved with
cultivation to make the higher areas habitable . There was not the same level
of adaptation of the genome as found in Tibet . The coca plant was too good at
it
The student of human historical
trivia might note that Java was the greatest exporting nation of coca-leaves
just prior to being outlawed in the mid-1800's .
The caffeine connection :
Tea , coffee , yerba , guarana .
The caffeine acts synergystically
with the stimulants and adaptogens , amplifying their effects .
Super Tea :
Make Tibetan tea , but substitute
coca-leaves for black tea .
This will certainly unify the two
branches , but with very unpredictable results at the individual level .
At a broader level , Super Tea
should reduce addiction quite considerably .
Adaptation to stimulants means that
pathways to reduce most of the addictive “Aha” effects get established .
Yak butter , cow butter and ghee .
It matters what the beastie ate
before making the milk .
Churning and heating seems to
concentrate the chemicals involved .
If your milk beastie has munched on
Rhodiola rosea , clovers , milkweed , belladonna , jimsons weed , etc , you
might expect these effects in varying degrees .
I have no idea about goats , but
suspect that it will vary with the breed .
Milking mountain goats is only for
the fleet-footed .
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix A
“Rhodiola rosea may be effective for
improving mood and alleviating depression. Pilot studies on human subjects[2][3][4] showed that it improves physical and mentalperformance, and may reduce fatigue.
“
Similar to coca-leaves in South
America .
“Rhodiola is included among a class of plant
derivatives called adaptogens which differ from chemical stimulants, such as nicotine, and do not have the same physiologicaleffects.
“
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Appendix C
Effects and mechanisms of emodin on
cell death in human lung squamous cell carcinoma
*,1Hong-Zin Lee
1
School of Pharmacy, China Medical
College, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
1 Emodin
(1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) is an active component from the root
and
rhizome of Rheum palmatum that has
been reported to exhibit antitumour effects, but the mechanism
is not known. The study investigated
the effects and mechanisms of emodin-induced cell death in
human lung squamous carcinoma cell
line CH27.
2 Emodin (50 mM)-induced CH27 cell
apoptosis was confirmed
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix D
Sunday, November 10, 2013
PEEP pipe HRV
Andre Willers
10 Nov 2013
Synopsis :
A simple way to clear
plaques from bronchial , venous and brain glymphatic tubes .
Discussion :
1.Bronchial resonance
via the pipe PEEP causes resonances in the surrounding liquids , namely the
veins , arteries , lymphatic system and glymphatic system .
The glymphatic system (or glymphatic clearance pathway)
is a functional waste clearance pathway for the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). This includes horribles like amyloid
plaques (Alzheimers, Parkinson)
3. At
present , we do not know what the resonant frequencies for loosening the
various plaques are . But we can chirp them using the Pipe PEEP .
4.Simply
move the pipe up and down while exhaling . This changes the frequencies .
Somewhere you will hit the sweet spot for different organs .
Anything
is better than nothing . Even a small influence will have disproportionate
effects .
5.Try
it for Parkinsons , Alzheimers , emphysema , cholesterol . All the same type of
thing . Plaques of various types , vulnerable to resonant loosening . Even
programmed for it . Why you have HRV .
6.HRV.
This is
simply the normal heart chirping around certain frequencies . Seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_rate_variability
Loosening plaques all
over the show . Hence the chirping . Too many customers .
If it decreases , you
are soon dead .
7.Heart damage :
PEEP causes some
pronounced effects on heart action .
If PEEP pipe
exhalation is at some harmonic of heartbeat , this gives the heart muscle a
breather . There is a leverage effect from cortisol (though I have no proof)
8.Worth a try to beat
the old-age creeping memory terribles .
In memory of your
breath
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix A
Thursday, June 14, 2012
Bronchial Resonance
Andre Willers
14 Jun 2012
Synopsis :
Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) at about 15 Hz not only clears mucus , but also enhances oxygen uptake and prevents alveoli collapse .
Discussion :
A simple and elegant device (see Appendix II) induces resonances in the bronchial system at around 15 Hz ( 6-26 Hz) . This is a resonance of the mucus bacterial film , breaking it up . For evolutionary reasons , (See Appendix IV) , the filii of the airways operate optimally at this frequency . In other words , “hard” plaques liquefy and can be expelled .
This has an obvious effect on the bronchial system . Pumping out mucus (ie obstructions) from the upper regions of the bronchial tree causes a capillary pumping-out of muck out of the alveoli . Which frees them up for better gas transfer .
There is an ancillary effect . The walls of the narrower bronchial tubes also have a greater gas-transfer capability , once cleared of insulating mucus . They then operate more like the much more efficient bird-lungs . Will this trigger some epigenetic switching-on of bird-lung genes in the human genome ? I do not know , but it is likely .
Sports:
Any athlete will better his performance by using this technique .
There is an intriguing catch-up effect . The brain normally limits performance to 2/3 of maximal (Noakes) . But this takes time . Using OPEP just before an exertion means a multiplier of 3 of the increment in performance . Enough to win .
Instant Yoga :
The range 8 – 15 – 26 Hz is intriguingly close to brainwave frequencies . Using it will entrain brainwaves through pressure-wave fluctuation , especially at the synapse level . (ie neurotransmitter densities will fluctuate in resonance pressure resonances from the bronchial system ) .
Ohm mane padme sum !
Which brings us to the !Click language .
Or it’s descendant , the glottal stop . These interrupt the expiration in patterned ways . I tried it with the standard double-click (two teeth-clicks , followed by two tongue clicks during expiration using a Flutter device (see Appendix II)) . The effect was a enhanced clarity of mind , which I ascribe to enhanced oxygen intake . Be cautious . !Click combined with Flutter devices can have major biosystem effects .
Interesting Asides :
1.Are other plaques (eg arteries , alzheimers , infections , etc) also susceptible to resonances at around these frequencies ?
2Music , of course . Heavy rhythm , where the body resonates with the sound .
3.Smoking . At first glance , all smokers should use this technique . But if it leads to switching on some bird-lung genes , this would make them more susceptible to bird-flu . I simply do not know enough .
4.Coughing : this is an OPEP system . Time it . The frequency is close to 15 Hz, but only in short bursts. The artificial Flutter system is better .
5.Snoring : This is mostly on expiration (see Appendix III) . An attempt by the body system to induce a Flutter system on expiration . Thus , using a Flutter artificial system should cure most snoring problems .
6.Hiccups : it stops them cold . Also it’s little brother , that pesky reflux .(Heartburn)
7.Will it have an effect on the pylorus valve and the duodenal peristalsis , and hence Diabetes ?
(See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Cure for diabetes” May 2012)
I have no idea at present . Watch the next thrilling episode .
Where to get it in South Africa: See Appendix V
Life doesn’t suck . It is a blow job .
Andre .
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix I
http://www.rcjournal.com/contents/10.07/10.07.1308.pdf
A good summation
Oscillatory PEP Therapy
OPEP therapy was first developed and described in Switzerland, as an adjunct or supplement to traditional airwayclearance methods.
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix II
http://www.aptalispharma.com/pdf/flutter.pdf
When the oscillation frequency approximates the resonance
frequency of the pulmonary system, endobronchial pressure oscillations are amplified and result
in vibrations of the airways. The vibrations produced by these oscillations cause the "fluttering"
sensation from which the FLUTTER derived its name. These vibrations loosen mucus from the
airway walls. The intermittent increases in endobronchial pressure decrease the collapsibility of
the airways during exhalation, increasing the likelihood of clearing mucus from the
tracheobronchial tract. The airflow accelerations increase the velocity of the air being exhaled,
facilitating the movement of mucus up the airways
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix III
More info
http://www.scah.uct.ac.za/paediatric-refresher-course-2009/presentations/tue/camphor/Morrow-CF-physiotherapy.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_end-expiratory_pressure
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix IV
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2929268
Mobilization of mucus by airway oscillations.
Freitag L, Kim CS, Long WM, Venegas J, Wanner A.
Source
Pulmonary Division, University of Miami, Mt. Sinai Medical Center.
Abstract
The effects of high frequency asymmetric airway oscillations on mucus clearance were evaluated in excised tracheas of sheep, in an animal model of excessive mucus production, and in patients with bronchiectasis. Asymmetric high frequency ventilation (15 Hz) with expiratory biased flow profiles (expiratory peak-flow greater than inspiratory peak-flow) could move mucus droplets towards the pharynx in rigid and flexible tracheas by gas-liquid interaction. In rigid tracheas the mucus was transported towards the periphery of the model lung if the oscillations were inspiratory biased. In very collapsible tracheas, however, even inspiratory biased oscillations moved the mucus cephalad. Parameters influencing direction and speed of mucus are airflow profile, peak-flow, airway compliance and lung resistance. Gamma-camera studies showed that in anesthetized dogs radiolabeled artificial mucus followed the direction of the bias during high frequency ventilation. In five human volunteers with bronchiectasis and excessive secretions the asymmetric airway oscillations were superimposed during spontaneous breathing using a mouthpiece. Airway wall vibrations following the pressure swings of the oscillator could be observed. During forced expiration inward bulging of the posterior membranes of trachea and bronchi occurred at the negative pressure phase of the oscillations. This event was associated with increased appearance of sputum in the central airways. We conclude that high frequency ventilation with asymmetric flow profiles applied via tube or mouthpiece might be an effective future treatment of mucostasis.
PMID:
2929268
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix V
Where to get it South Africa
Price R90
MediTool
Pmb (0331) 903271
Jhb 082 900 7103
Cpt 082 871 6855
Pmb 082 900 3187
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Andre Willers
14 Jun 2012
Synopsis :
Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) at about 15 Hz not only clears mucus , but also enhances oxygen uptake and prevents alveoli collapse .
Discussion :
A simple and elegant device (see Appendix II) induces resonances in the bronchial system at around 15 Hz ( 6-26 Hz) . This is a resonance of the mucus bacterial film , breaking it up . For evolutionary reasons , (See Appendix IV) , the filii of the airways operate optimally at this frequency . In other words , “hard” plaques liquefy and can be expelled .
This has an obvious effect on the bronchial system . Pumping out mucus (ie obstructions) from the upper regions of the bronchial tree causes a capillary pumping-out of muck out of the alveoli . Which frees them up for better gas transfer .
There is an ancillary effect . The walls of the narrower bronchial tubes also have a greater gas-transfer capability , once cleared of insulating mucus . They then operate more like the much more efficient bird-lungs . Will this trigger some epigenetic switching-on of bird-lung genes in the human genome ? I do not know , but it is likely .
Sports:
Any athlete will better his performance by using this technique .
There is an intriguing catch-up effect . The brain normally limits performance to 2/3 of maximal (Noakes) . But this takes time . Using OPEP just before an exertion means a multiplier of 3 of the increment in performance . Enough to win .
Instant Yoga :
The range 8 – 15 – 26 Hz is intriguingly close to brainwave frequencies . Using it will entrain brainwaves through pressure-wave fluctuation , especially at the synapse level . (ie neurotransmitter densities will fluctuate in resonance pressure resonances from the bronchial system ) .
Ohm mane padme sum !
Which brings us to the !Click language .
Or it’s descendant , the glottal stop . These interrupt the expiration in patterned ways . I tried it with the standard double-click (two teeth-clicks , followed by two tongue clicks during expiration using a Flutter device (see Appendix II)) . The effect was a enhanced clarity of mind , which I ascribe to enhanced oxygen intake . Be cautious . !Click combined with Flutter devices can have major biosystem effects .
Interesting Asides :
1.Are other plaques (eg arteries , alzheimers , infections , etc) also susceptible to resonances at around these frequencies ?
2Music , of course . Heavy rhythm , where the body resonates with the sound .
3.Smoking . At first glance , all smokers should use this technique . But if it leads to switching on some bird-lung genes , this would make them more susceptible to bird-flu . I simply do not know enough .
4.Coughing : this is an OPEP system . Time it . The frequency is close to 15 Hz, but only in short bursts. The artificial Flutter system is better .
5.Snoring : This is mostly on expiration (see Appendix III) . An attempt by the body system to induce a Flutter system on expiration . Thus , using a Flutter artificial system should cure most snoring problems .
6.Hiccups : it stops them cold . Also it’s little brother , that pesky reflux .(Heartburn)
7.Will it have an effect on the pylorus valve and the duodenal peristalsis , and hence Diabetes ?
(See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Cure for diabetes” May 2012)
I have no idea at present . Watch the next thrilling episode .
Where to get it in South Africa: See Appendix V
Life doesn’t suck . It is a blow job .
Andre .
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix I
http://www.rcjournal.com/contents/10.07/10.07.1308.pdf
A good summation
Oscillatory PEP Therapy
OPEP therapy was first developed and described in Switzerland, as an adjunct or supplement to traditional airwayclearance methods.
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix II
http://www.aptalispharma.com/pdf/flutter.pdf
When the oscillation frequency approximates the resonance
frequency of the pulmonary system, endobronchial pressure oscillations are amplified and result
in vibrations of the airways. The vibrations produced by these oscillations cause the "fluttering"
sensation from which the FLUTTER derived its name. These vibrations loosen mucus from the
airway walls. The intermittent increases in endobronchial pressure decrease the collapsibility of
the airways during exhalation, increasing the likelihood of clearing mucus from the
tracheobronchial tract. The airflow accelerations increase the velocity of the air being exhaled,
facilitating the movement of mucus up the airways
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix III
More info
http://www.scah.uct.ac.za/paediatric-refresher-course-2009/presentations/tue/camphor/Morrow-CF-physiotherapy.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_end-expiratory_pressure
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix IV
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2929268
Mobilization of mucus by airway oscillations.
Freitag L, Kim CS, Long WM, Venegas J, Wanner A.
Source
Pulmonary Division, University of Miami, Mt. Sinai Medical Center.
Abstract
The effects of high frequency asymmetric airway oscillations on mucus clearance were evaluated in excised tracheas of sheep, in an animal model of excessive mucus production, and in patients with bronchiectasis. Asymmetric high frequency ventilation (15 Hz) with expiratory biased flow profiles (expiratory peak-flow greater than inspiratory peak-flow) could move mucus droplets towards the pharynx in rigid and flexible tracheas by gas-liquid interaction. In rigid tracheas the mucus was transported towards the periphery of the model lung if the oscillations were inspiratory biased. In very collapsible tracheas, however, even inspiratory biased oscillations moved the mucus cephalad. Parameters influencing direction and speed of mucus are airflow profile, peak-flow, airway compliance and lung resistance. Gamma-camera studies showed that in anesthetized dogs radiolabeled artificial mucus followed the direction of the bias during high frequency ventilation. In five human volunteers with bronchiectasis and excessive secretions the asymmetric airway oscillations were superimposed during spontaneous breathing using a mouthpiece. Airway wall vibrations following the pressure swings of the oscillator could be observed. During forced expiration inward bulging of the posterior membranes of trachea and bronchi occurred at the negative pressure phase of the oscillations. This event was associated with increased appearance of sputum in the central airways. We conclude that high frequency ventilation with asymmetric flow profiles applied via tube or mouthpiece might be an effective future treatment of mucostasis.
PMID:
2929268
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix V
Where to get it South Africa
Price R90
MediTool
Pmb (0331) 903271
Jhb 082 900 7103
Cpt 082 871 6855
Pmb 082 900 3187
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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