Russian and Chinese Immortality Champions.
Andre Willers
25 Oct 2013
Synopsis :
Longevity research is well established in Russia and China .
Discussion
1.See Western systems in Appendix D
2.See Russian systems in Appendix A
3.See Chinese systems in Appendix B
4.The Chinese systems seems most advanced .
H2S interventions can be done right now , using existing metabolic
pathways .
See Appendix C
5.For Western systems , see Appendix D
6.Who will win the tournament ?
All , of course . Though it might take a little bit of time
.
7.The Chinese H2S
crowd seems to be in the lead , but
L.Craig Venter is not far behind .
8.Maybe you should contemplate the size of the human soul
before going for longevity .
See Appendix E
Happy surfing amongst the Attractors .
Regards
Andre
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Appendix A
The Russians .
The Russian Champion :
Maria Konovalenko:
“I represent the Science for Life Extension Foundation.
The main goal of our Foundation is to make radical life
extension a global initiative.
We integrate efforts in order to increase funding for
research in regenerative medicine, gerontology, genetics, neuroscience, systems
biology, and related sciences aimed at studying the mechanisms of aging and
searching for methods to increase human longevity. “
Funding by the Russian State . (DARPA equivalent )
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Appendix B
The Chinese Champion
“Zhi-Sheng Jiang” , of the University of South China, Hunan
Funding by the Red Army .
Hydrogen
Sulfide: The Next Anti-Aging Agent?
Jan. 29, 2013 — Hydrogen sulfide* (H2S) may
play a wide-ranging role in staving off aging, according to a paper published
online ahead of print in the journalMolecular and Cellular Biology. In
this review article, a team from China explores the compound's plethora of
potential anti-aging pathways.
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"H2S has
been gaining increasing attention as an important endogenous signaling molecule
because of its significant effects on the cardiovascular and nervous
systems," the team writes. The evidence is mounting, they note, that
hydrogen sulfide slows aging by inhibiting free-radical reactions, by
activating SIRT1, an enzyme believed to be a regulator of lifespan, and
probably through its interactions with a gene, klotho, which appears to have
its own market basket of anti-aging activity.
Hydrogen sulfide is
produced within the human body, and has a variety of important physiological
effects. For example, it relaxes the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle
cells, which is important to maintaining clean arteries as one ages, says first
author Zhi-Sheng Jiang, of the University of South China, Hunan. It functions
as an antioxidant. And it inhibits expression of pro-inflammatory factors, all
of which "imply an important role in aging and age-associated
diseases," according to the paper. For example, mice lacking CSE, the gene
for an enzyme involved in producing H2S, manifest extensive,
premature arteriosclerosis, an inevitable consequence of aging, says Jiang.
The gene, klotho, which
appears to be upregulated by hydrogen sulfide, is thought to extend lifespan
via a number of different pathways, some of which promote production of
endogenous antioxidants, according to the report. Produced in the kidneys, it
has direct angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting activity; that is,
it's an ACE inhibitor, just like certain drugs that mitigate high blood
pressure. Not surprisingly, plasma H2S declines with age, and is
lower in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in those with normal blood
pressure. More generally, a lack of H2S is implicated in
cardiovascular disease.
A decline in H2S
is also thought to undermine neurological health. Endogenous H2S has
been found wanting in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, and is found to
be depressed in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. There are even
suggestions, mostly in animal models, but also in human studies, that H2S
may be protective against cancer, according to the report.
"Data available so
far strongly suggest that H2S may become the next potent agent for
preventing and ameliorating the symptoms of aging and age-associated
diseases," concludes Jiang. In the future, he says, people may take H2S
via food, or as an anti-aging supplement.
* Hydrogen sulfide
(British English: hydrogen sulphide) is the chemical compound with
the formula H2S. It is a colorless, very poisonous, flammable gas
that gives off the odor of rotten eggs
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Appendix C
Why do things happen ?
Wednesday, November 19, 2008
Hibernation and
Cryogenics
Hibernation and Cryogenics
Andre Willers
19 Nov 2008
Discussion :
Jessica Palmer pointed out on the 16th Nov 2008 that the primary problem with
cryogenics seems to be in the re-establishment of metabolic processes after
un-freezing .
But we have an already existing template for doing exactly that .
Hibernation .
See Appendix A
The evolutionary explanation is that during the transition-phase from
methane/sulfur to oxygen atmosphere (circa 1.5 bn years ago) , there was a
major advantage in suspending oxygen-driven systems if the organism found
itself in a non-oxygen environment . It went into hibernation .
At the same time , alcohol was being excreted as a poison (like oxygen) . The
ancestors of mitochondria (who could use low concentrations of oxygen or
alcohol ) sought refuge in cells whose cell-walls were resistant (but not
impervious) to alcohol transition .
Remember , alcohol is completely soluble in water , but oxygen is not . This
difference drove the process . Alcohol concentrations in water could grow large
, but oxygen-concentrations could not .
Mitochondria earned their keep by mopping up alcohol first and later converting
oxygen to ATP . (The glucose and ketone metabolism came after this) . The
ketone metabolism has never been very popular , because of the high loss-rate
in excretory products , but has been kept as a third string on the bow .
(Utilization of fat and protein-muscle reserves during low-glucose periods. )
Mitochondria thus has an exclusive preference of usage : alcohol , glucose ,
ketones in that order .
From experimental evidence (see Appendix A) , there is a genetic switch
sensitive to the concentration of H2S to bring both the host cell and the
mitochondrium to a state where all programmed molecular activity is suspended .
(The power is switched off) .
But , of course , random beth(0) molecular activity due to temperature does not
cease . Uncontrolled and anaerobic reactions still occur .
Freezing:
We get rid of most anaerobic organisms first .
Lots of sulfur , VitC and alcohol (fermented berries or carbohydrates in the
stomach . A low acidity is required in the run-up to hibernation)
Then freeze .
Starting the contraption up again is a bit of a problem .
1. The power-plant :
The mitochondria needs to be primed with their preferred fuel (alcohol)
Oxygen needs to be infused .(Hyperbaric chamber)
2. Garbage disposal
The cellular garbage-disposal systems need to be activated . ATP from the
powerplant needs to be allocated to breakdown-product disposal before the ATP
is allocated to DNA/RNA production processes .
The garbage-disposal uses mechanisms that use sulfur to create the various
vacuoles and ropes (cf mitosis) . Enough sulfur is vital .
Once again , oxygen and alcohol is used . Both are recognized by all systems as
poisons to be removed as a first priority . They activate a quite sophisticated
garbage-disposal system as H2S concentrations decrease .
3 . Flushing
All that garbage has to flushed away , preferably not through the kidneys or
liver .
Use machines .
As H2S concentrations decrease , damage might occur due to PH fluctuations .
Acidity (H2SO4 , etc) Buffering would be advisable .
4. Temperature:
Lots of water at 105 to 107 Fahrenheit for mammals , pulsing at pulserate(about
90 cycles per minute .)
This is to activate the chaperone systems and discourage opportunistic viruses
.
5. Music
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Music”
Play harmonious music so the vibrations can be felt throughout organism being
thawed . This enhances timing-procedures by orders of magnitudes . Emergent
order .
(A Beth(0.x) effect . )
The de-hibernization process must have an exact program at molecular level to
reboot the cellular metabolism . Precisely what you need after a cryogenic
procedure .
But its efficiency (ie your chance of survival) can be boosted by orders of
magnitude by using the steps above .
Interesting notes:
1. Do hibernating animals like bears use alcohol-producing cells in their
bloodstream to time hibernation? This can be tested .
2. Are there cold-chaperone molecules ? There should be .
3. Hibernation is easy . Nature has done all the hard work . Keeping the
mechanism ticking over at a very slow rate enables cellular-garbage clearing
for a relatively short period (6-8 months)
4. De-cryogenics is a bit harder , Beth(1) intervention is needed .
5. Alcohol-concentrations : we are talking about 1% to 2% imbibing . About
0.06% inside the cell . Ie , the cell-wall protects by a factor of about 30
6. Pulse-Cryogenics : alternate freezing and hibernation to get a better
survival factor . For those who are too stupid to design a zero-entropy system
.
Try : Life=negative entropy . Non-life = positive entropy . Design it so the
sum is zero .
Andre
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Appendix A
From http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “ Birdflu Update-4” dated 29 Oct 2005
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Suspended Animation (the real thing!)
In 2005, Mark Roth and other scientists from the University of Washington and
the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle demonstrated that mice
can be put into a state of suspended animation by applying a low dosage of
hydrogen sulfide (80 ppm H2S) in the air. The breathing rate of the animals
sank from 120 to 10 breaths per minute and their temperature fell from 37 °C to
2 °C above ambient temperature (in effect, they had become cold-blooded). The
mice survived this procedure for 6 hours and afterwards showed no negative
health consequences.
Such a hibernation occurs naturally in many mammals and also in toads, but not
in mice. (Mice can fall into a state called clinical torpor when food shortage
occurs). If the H2S-induced hibernation can be made to work in humans, it could
be useful in the emergency management of severely injured patients, and in the
conservation of donated organs.
As mentioned above, hydrogen sulfide binds to cytochrome oxidase and thereby
prevents oxygen from binding, which apparently leads to the dramatic slowdown
of metabolism. Animals and humans naturally produce some hydrogen sulfide in
their body; researchers have proposed that the gas is used to regulate
metabolic activity and body temperature, which would explain the above findings
Dosages of H2S:
Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium
nitrite, inhalation of pure oxygen, administration of bronchodilators to
overcome eventual bronchospasm, and in some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Exposure to lower concentrations can result in eye irritation (because of the
high alkality of the SH- anion), a sore throat and cough, shortness of breath,
and fluid in the lungs. These symptoms usually go away in a few weeks. Long-term,
low-level exposure may result in fatigue, loss of appetite, headaches,
irritability, poor memory, and dizziness. Higher concentrations of 700-800 ppm
tend to be fatal.
· 0.0047 ppm is the recognition threshold, the concentration at which 50% of
humans can detect the characteristic rotten egg odor of hydrogen sulfide [2]
· 10-20 ppm is the borderline concentration for eye irritation.
· 50-100 ppm leads to eye damage.
· At 150-250 ppm the olfactory nerve is paralyzed after a few inhalations, and
the sense of smell disappears, often together with awareness of danger,
· 320-530 ppm leads to pulmonary edema with the possibility of death.
· 530-1000 ppm causes strong stimulation of the central nervous system and
rapid breathing, leading to loss of breathing;
o 800 ppm is the lethal concentration for 50% of humans for 5 minutes
exposition (LC50).
Concentrations over 1000 ppm cause immediate collapse with loss of breathing,
even after inhalation of a single breath.
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Appendix D
Tuesday, October 22,
2013
Calico
Andre Willers
22 Oct 2013
Synopsis :
Calico : A major new
human initiative in Anti-ageing enterprise has been launched by Google .
Discussion :
1.Why the name Calico
?
See Appendix A .
Calico cats are intimately related to genetics .
2.Who and How much ?
See Appendix B .
Big names and a lot of
money . Where is L . Craig Venter ?
3.What is already
happening ?
A lot of data-mining
on blogs , emails , etc .
The same is occurring
on any site associated with longevity , genetics , etc .
One of the reasons why
Google arrogated rights to certain content on it’s platforms .
4.What is next ?
There are now three
very big , very powerful Bio-Genetic Champions in existence :
4.1 L.Craig Venter and
the petrochemical industry .
4.2 Bill Gates
Foundation and Public Health
4.3 Google and
Anti-ageing .
5.Struldbugs :
Competition between
these entities will hopefully avoid the Struldbug Scenario .
See Appendix C
6.Singularity :
Even the process of
creating Calico makes the Singularity more likely by at least two orders of
magnitude .
6.1 Co-opting all
knowledge without a Hysterical Focus .
6.2 Forcing the
examination of the effects of longevity without crashing all systems in the
run-up .
The Interesting Times
are only just starting !
Regards
Andre
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Appendix A
Because
genetic determination of some coat colors in cats is linked to the X
chromosome,
calicoes are nearly always female.[2][4] Because
of the genetics involved, calico males generally have
impaired vitality and are almost always sterile.
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Appendix B
More details on Google’s mysterious Calico project have emerged, revealing the
search giant intends on investing, at the very least, “hundreds of millions” in
the initiative. Announced last month, Calico is a project borne from Google’s
special Google X labs, with an endgame to take on major illnesses and aging.
The initiative is being led by ex-Genentech CEO Art Levinson, who also serves
as Apple chairman.
After some digging around Silicon Valley,
Fortune writer Dan Primack found that Calico is focused on finding the root
cause of various diseases and conditions, something many companies today fail
to focus on. Most importantly, however, the project wants to address genetic
causes of aging, and whether or not drugs can slow or even stop them. At the
very least, Google wants to see how the quality of life can be improved for
someone that’s in their 70s, 80s, etc.
For example, what if you examined the genomes
of thousands of healthy 90 year-olds from all parts of the world? What genetic
similarities do they have? Or, perhaps, what happens to most of us that didn’t
happen to them. Even if this didn’t result in longer life, it perhaps could at
least lead to an improved quality of life for folks on the back nine.
The project will act more as a research
initiative rather than, as Primack puts it, “a biopharma startup that will be
in clinical trials within a couple of years.” Many smart pieces are being moved
around, and there’s very clearly a substantial amount of money being put into
the project. When Google puts resources into X lab projects, the company tends
to produce fascinating results—self-driving cars, balloon Internet,
Google Glass. With such a unique portfolio, and given what we know about
Calico, the search giant’s new project could prove to be Google’s most
important undertaking yet.
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Appendix C
The Struldbug Scenario
In Jonathan Swift's
novel Gulliver's Travels, the name struldbrug is
given to those humans in the nation of Luggnagg who
are born seemingly normal, but are in fact immortal.
However, although struldbrugs do not die, they do nonetheless
continue aging.
Swift's work depicts the evil of immortality without eternal youth.
They are easily
recognized by a red dot above their left eyebrow. They are normal human beings
until they reach the age of thirty, at which time they become dejected. Upon
reaching the age of eighty they become legally dead, and suffer from many
ailments including the loss of eyesight and the loss of hair.
Struldbrugs were
forbidden to own property:
As soon as they have
completed the term of eighty years, they are looked on as dead in law; their
heirs immediately succeed to their estates; only a small pittance is reserved
for their support; and the poor ones are maintained at the public charge. After
that period, they are held incapable of any employment of trust or profit; they
cannot purchase lands, or take leases; neither are they allowed to be witnesses
in any cause, either civil or criminal, not even for the decision of meers
(metes) and bounds.
Because:
Otherwise, as avarice is
the necessary consequence of old age, those immortals would in time become
proprietors of the whole nation, and engross the civil power, which, for want
of abilities to manage, must end in the ruin of the public.
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Appendix E
Wednesday, August 14, 2013
Size of the Human
Soul.
Andre Willers
14 Aug 2013
Synopsis:
The radius of the
human soul size varies between 80 and 400 meters . Not all the elements of the
soul is subject to gravity , so a distinction is made between Mass and Weight
of the Soul . This gives rise to many quantum properties .
Discussion :
1.Measurement has
established the weight of the human soul as about 21 gm . See Appendix A
2. Dark Matter Theory
gives estimates of foundation of complex systems at about 10^-14 kg/cubic
cm
See Appendix B
3.The assumption was
that the soul is contained within the physical boundaries of the body . Yet we
know that this is not true . Thus expand the envelope .
4. For a 21 gm weight
, we require a size of soul of about 368 meters radius . (3
soccer fields)
For 21 gm mass ,
we require a soul with radius of about 80 meters.
5. What does this mean
?
Think information
transfer . Humans are distributed intelligences spread over radii ( 80 to
368 ) meters .
6.Many so-called
paranormal effects can be described as a probability distribution in the
ProbVector(0 ,80,368) .
7. The difference
between weight radius (eg earth 1g : 80 m) and mass radius (368 m )
. The size of the soul is dependant on the gravitational field.
8. The Human soul fits
inside the body envelope at about 10^5 g’s . Singularities occur in
high-g impact events .
9. Astronauts and
other space travellers .
As gravitational
forces decrease , the soul spreads . This is seen as mysticism by humans .
Standard amongst astronauts ,
10. Using the above
data points , you can calculate the exact deviation from the Party Line by
distance from Earth .
11.Exit space program
.
Kicking against the
prickles .
Andre
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Appendix A
Mass of human Soul
Update I
Andre Willers
27 Mar 2013
Synopsis :
The mass of a human
soul in a 11-dimensional universe should fluctuate between 21 – 50.5 gm .
Discussion :
1.See Appendix I .
This was very approximate , especially as regards the degree of complexity .
2. Why 11 dimensions?
It seems indicated
from latest theoretical physics for this locale .
3. Monad mass :
0.11576 gm as per Appendix I . The best estimate available .
4.Why 21 gm ?
There are two
independent experimenters that got fairly similar results :
He got 21 gm in 1901
4.2 Dr Nils Olof
Jacobson got the same result independently in 1969 .
4.3 Nobody else could
be bothered , or could get funding .
5. Solve for the
number of x of brain levels in 11 dimensions needed to give 21 gm soul mass .
5.1.Let x be the
number of discrete , delineated brain levels of organization .
Then solve for
combinations across 11 dimensions :
11! / (11-x)! / x! *
0.11576 = 21 by using Wolfram equation Solver .
The result is x=
3.1099 or x= 7.89
The mass curve has a
maximum at x=5.5 with a mass of 50.5 gm .
Note that it is
symmetrical around this axis of x= 5.5 . Which is bad news for extropians et al
.
Present humans have 3
levels of brain complexity . (Hind brain , mid brain , cortex) . Adding much
more than 2 levels of further complexity by whatever means becomes counter
productive in this universe . Of course , there are up to 27 dimensions
available .
But that requires some
major redesign .
It would be rather
discouraging to design smart matter and end up with something stupider than a
simpler system .
Remember , the
soul-mass is a measure of complexity .
6. Fat Souls .
Sigh .
More complexity does
not necessarily mean more meaning . Think soapies .
Worse , think weight
trainers and their ilk .
No wonder the
re-incarnation rate is so high .
7.Interesting aside :
Maximum mass of a Matrioshka Brain in this Universe :
Using the same
arguments as above , M = 0.11576 * 2^27 gm .All combinations across 27
dimensions .
This gives M = 1.1576
* 10^4.1278 kg
M= 15 536 kg soul
mass
Rating this up by the
human ratio of 70kg/0.021 = 3333.33
Gives
51 786 667 kg mass . Smaller than a big aircraft carrier .
So much for solar
Matrioshka Brains .
8. This universe seems
deliberately designed to prevent runaway positive feedback systems . But
whether that means that we are in a simulation or not is rapidly becoming a
meaningless question . We can’t tell , and may never be able to tell . Even
after death .
9. It does not address
the central question of present entities .
Is Chocolate fattening
to the soul ?
On that expanding note
, regards
Andre
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Appendix I
Mass of the Human Soul
Andre Willers
21 Apr 2011
Synopsis:
We calculate the mass of the human soul from first
principles .
A first order result : Soul mass = n! * 0.11576 gm .
Discussion :
Note the argument that we are living in a simulation .
This absolves me of ramming things down your throat .
Make of this what you will .
Argument :
AG is a dimensionless number .
Definition
αG can
be defined in terms of any pair of charged elementary particles that are stable and well-understood. A
pair of electrons,
of protons, or one electron and
one proton all satisfy this criterion. Assuming two electrons, the defining
expression and the best current estimate of its value are:
where:
Tease it apart :
Ag = m(e) / (h/2pi) * m(e) /{c/G}
Let A = m(e) / (h/2pi)
And B = m(e) /{c/G}
Dimensionally ,
A = seconds/meter squared
B= meter squared/ seconds .
So the product is a dimensionless number .
But we know that 1/ (h/2pi) is the complexity in a
Beth(0) universe ..
The first defineable things that will appear in a
universe .
We can calculate it for our universe :
A= 9.109 * 10^ (-31) / (1.054 * 10^(-34))
= 8.638 * 10(+3) kg
This is the inverse of the minimum necessary mass to
surface in Beth(0) universe for a soul .
The inverse is the minimum mass necessary .
1/A = 0.11576 * 10^(-3) kg .
This is 0.11576 gm per monad .
In
delineated systems , soul-masses will increase factorially .
|
N
|
n!
|
Soul mass
|
|
1.00
|
1.00
|
0.12
|
|
2.00
|
2.00
|
0.23
|
|
3.00
|
6.00
|
0.69
|
|
4.00
|
24.00
|
2.78
|
|
5.00
|
120.00
|
13.89
|
|
6.00
|
720.00
|
83.35
|
|
7.00
|
5040.00
|
583.43
|
Weighing the Soul .
Can be done without death .
Use sleep .If n is big enough , a difference can be
measured .
But this is like hunting the Snark .
What will you do with a Boojum ?
Andre .
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Appendix B
Image credit: Wikipedia
What is the weight of
the human soul ?
Posted on Monday, 25 April, 2011 | 71 comments
Columnist: Jay Alfred
The idea of a material soul is not new. The
Greek philosopher, Heraclitus, who lived in the sixth century BC, thought that
the soul was composed of an unusually fine or rare kind of matter, such as air
or fire. However, if it was material it had to have some weight. Barbara
Brennan, former NASA engineer and now world-renowned energy healer, observes
that ‘aura’ appears to have weight. Robert Monroe also believes that the
‘Second Body’ has weight, although much less than the carbon-based body. (The
terms ‘aura’, ‘astral body’ and the ‘Second Body’ refer to what is generally
described as the ‘subtle body’ in the metaphysical literature. The subtle body
has often been loosely identified as the ‘soul’.)
If the soul has weight, it means it has mass
and is subject to Earth’s gravitational force. This has motivated various
researchers, including Noetic Science, to undertake experiments to weigh the
soul. In 1907, Dr. Duncan McDougall weighed six patients, while they were in
the process of dying from tuberculosis. When death was imminent, the entire bed
of the patient was quickly placed on a highly sensitive industrial sized scale.
In each case, when the patient expired, he noticed an extremely small sudden
change in the weight of the deceased which could not be accounted for by other
means. The missing mass, which this weight loss represented, was used to
support his hypothesis that the body had a soul which had mass. On the death of
the visible body, the soul departed, and so did this mass. The weight of the
soul, based on the average loss of mass in six patients, was measured by
McDougall to be 21 grams. A paper summarising his findings appeared in the
journal American Medicine in 1907. One critic quickly pointed out that the
sphincter and pelvic floor muscles relax at death, and that the loss was
perhaps due to ejected urine and/or faeces. McDougall rebutted that if this
were the case, the weight would remain upon the bed and, therefore, upon the
scale.
Someone else suggested that the dying
patients’ final exhalation might have contributed to the drop in weight. To
disprove this, McDougall climbed into the bed and exhaled “as forcibly as
possible” while his assistant watched the scale. No change was observed.
Another critic reasoned that body weight was being continually lost as water
escapes into the air through What is the Weight of the Human Soul? An Estimate
Based on Dark Matter Statistics 70 NEW DAWN ¦ Special Issue No. 15
www.newdawnmagazine.com the evaporation of perspiration and the water vapour
that goes out with the breath. McDougall claimed to have accounted for this
also. His first patient, he wrote, lost water weight at the rate of an ounce
per hour, far too slowly to explain the sudden threequarter- ounce (about 21
grams) drop precisely at the time of death. In the 1920s, Dutch physicists Drs
Malta and Zaalberg Van Zelst claimed that the (physical-etheric) subtle body is
capable of expanding by 1.26mm and contracting by 8mm. According to them, it
was composed of “extremely small and widely separated” atoms and had a density
of 176.5 times lighter than air and weighed, on average, 69.5 grams (or about
two-and-a-quarter ounces). The description that the ‘atoms’ were widely
separated means that the particle density in the subtle body was low. This and
the observation that the body could expand and contract suggest that the subtle
body was composed of low density plasma, which could vary its density to some
extent.
In 1988, Noetic Science carried out
experiments on the largest number of patients and concluded that the human soul
weighs 1/3,000th of an ounce. The experiments were carried out by East German
researchers who weighed more than 200 terminally ill patients just before and
immediately after their deaths. In each case the weight loss was exactly the same
– 1/3,000th of an ounce. This is approximately 0.01 gram or 10-5 kg. The
expert’s report on these experiments, co authored by physicist Elke Fisher, was
criticised by Gerard Voisart, a leading French pathologist, who said that the
weight difference between the living and dead could be accounted for by air
leaving the lungs. However, Drs. Fisher and Mertens pointed out that this was
considered in their calculations. Furthermore, they argued that the device they
used to weigh the ‘soul’ had a margin of error of less than 1/100,000th of an
ounce or 0.0003 grams.
“It occurred to us that the weight loss could
be the result of an instantaneous physical deterioration,” said Dr. Fisher.
“But after exhaustive study we agreed – that was not the case. The only possible
explanation is that we were measuring the loss of the human soul or some kind
of life force.” Dr. Becker Mertens of Dresden claimed in the German science
journal Horizon that the only logical conclusion is that the existence of the
human soul had been confirmed and its weight determined. “The challenge before
us now is to figure out exactly what the soul is composed of,” he said. “We are
inclined to believe that it is a form of energy. But our attempts to identify
this energy have been unsuccessful to date.” This author’s Dark Plasma Theory,
first published in 2006, proposes that these bodies are composed of low density
plasma of dark matter particles. dARK PLASMA THEORY ESTIMATE Dark Plasma Theory
holds that there is a halo of low density plasma around the Earth composed of
exotic A sensational New york times news story from 1907 reports on Dr. Duncan
McDougall's (pictured left) experiments to discover the weight of the human
soul. Special I www.newdawnmagazine.com ssue No. 15 ¦ NEW DAWN 71 (asymmetric)
dark matter particles. This view, which was new in 2006, is supported by some
scientists currently.
Minimal (dark) plasma cells developed in this
‘dark biosphere’ after Earth formed. Over more than 4 billion years these first
cells evolved into complex dark plasma life forms. Being plasma life forms they
exhibit features commonly seen in ordinary standard plasma. Heraclitus was
probably close to the mark when he hypothesised that the soul was composed of a
rare ‘finer substance’ which appeared like air or fire to him – two substances
which, from a lay perspective, would bear a close resemblance to plasma.
However, the reader should take careful note that these life forms are not
composed of ordinary shortlived plasma but non-standard plasma composed of dark
matter particles, which is invisible to most humans (just as dark matter is).
Some of these life forms formed symbiotic relationships with members of the
human species and co-evolved, integrating with the living carbon-based human
body. On the death of the carbonbased bodies, the dark bioplasma bodies
separate and return to their societies in the dark biosphere (i.e. Earth’s dark
matter halo). It is these exotic life forms that are popularly called the
‘souls’ of human beings. In order to estimate the density and weight of the
‘soul’, i.e. the human bioplasma body, we must first estimate the density of
dark matter particles on Earth.
Dark Matter Density Around Earth
The background galactic halo dark matter
density is estimated to be about 5.35 x 10-28 kg cm-3. Xu and Siegel, from the
University of Arizona, estimated the mass of dark matter within the Solar
System (between 0.2 AU and 100 AU) to be 1.07 x 1020 kg (or 1.78 x 10-5 the
Earth mass) (AU=Astronomical Unit. This is a unit equal to the distance of the
Earth from the Sun). The mass of dark matter within the orbit of Earth (i.e.
within 1 AU) was estimated to be 7.69 x 1019 kg. The corresponding dark matter
density was approximately 9.65 x 10-23 kg cm-3. This is five orders of
magnitude greater than the background galactic halo dark matter density. Xu and
Sigel’s estimate that the dark matter density around Earth exceeds the galactic
halo density significantly has been correlated by Stephen Adler from Princeton
University.
Anomalies relating to accelerations, observed
during fly-bys of spacecraft orbiting the Earth, suggest that the dark matter
density around Earth had been significantly understated (as suggested earlier
by this author). According to Adler the magnitude of the observed anomalies requires
dark matter densities many orders of magnitude greater than the galactic halo
density. Adler suggested that by comparing the total mass of the Earth- Moon
system (determined by lunar laser ranging) with the sum of the lunar mass
(determined by its gravitational action on satellites or asteroids) and the
Earth mass (determined by the LAGEOS geodetic survey satellite), a direct
measure of the mass of Earth-bound dark matter lying between the radius of the
Moon’s orbit and the geodetic satellite orbit can be obtained. Based on this,
the mass of Earth-bound dark matter must be less than 4×10-9 of the Earth’s
mass, giving an upper dark matter mass limit of 2.32 x 1016 kg. (This is less
than one-hundredth-millionth of Earth’s mass and therefore has negligible
effects on gravity.) According to Adler, to explain the flyby anomalies,
Earth-bound dark matter would have to be concentrated within a radius of about
70,000 km around Earth, within a volume of approximately 1.44 × 1030 cm3. For
the dark matter mass within this volume not to exceed 4 × 10-9 of the Earth’s
mass, the mean dark matter density would have to be about 10-14 kg cm-3. This
is greater than the background galactic halo dark matter density by fourteen
orders of magnitude. Based on the analyses above, it is reasonable to conclude
that there exists a halo of dark matter particles around the visible component
of the Earth within a An 18th century print depicts the soul rising from the
body. 72 NEW DAWN ¦ Special Issue No. 15 www.newdawnmagazine.com Jay Alfred is
the author of Dark Plasma Theory (formerly described as “plasma
metaphysics”).
Jay has been researching dark plasma life
forms since 2001. He is the author of three books on the Dark Plasma Theory:
Our Invisible Bodies (2006), Between the Moon and Earth (2007) and Brains and
Realities (2006), which are available on all Amazon, Borders and other online
bookshops. He is the Research Director of Dark Plasma Life Research
Organisation and a Consultant at ARPAST (Arkansas Paranormal and Anomalous Studies
Team), a science-based research group that studies anomalous and currently
unexplained phenomena. His organisation’s website is www.dapla.org. radius of
approximately 70,000 km. Earth’s dark matter halo has been dubbed “Dark Earth”
by the author and its attributes, based on the most recent estimates, compared
to the visible Earth, are given below:
Dark Earth Visible Earth Mass 2.32 x 1016 kg
5.97 x 1024 kg Volume 1.44 × 1030 cm3 1.08 x 1027 cm3 Mean Density 10-14 kg
cm-3 5.5 x 10-3 kg cm-3 Mean Radius 70,000 km 6,371 km The above estimates show
that the dark matter halo would be three orders of magnitude or about 1.33 x
103 or 1,330 times larger in volume than the visible rocky Earth. This
approximates with the dimensional relationship between the volume of Jupiter’s
huge gas envelope and its tiny rocky core (the latter approximates the volume
of the visible rocky Earth). In other words, we would expect an envelope of
dark matter particles the size of Jupiter around the visible component of the
Earth with a mean density of 10-14 kg cm-3.
Weight of the Soul
A man weighing 100kg is approximately 100
litres or 105 cm3 in volume. Based on a mean density of dark matter of 10-14 kg
cm-3 (as estimated above) and the approximate volume of the human body of 105
cm3, the weight of the human bioplasma body (or the ‘soul’) is estimated to be:
105 cm3 x (10-14 kg cm-3), multiplied by the gravitational acceleration of 10
ms-2, or approximately 10-8 Newtons. However, in lay language, this is often taken
to be 10-8 kg. Estimated Weight of the Soul: Based on Noetic Science Experiment
10-5 kg Based on Dark Matter Statistics 10-8 kg The weight of the soul, as
measured in the Noetic Science experiment was 10-5 kg while the estimate based
on dark matter statistics in this article is even lower at 10-8 kg. Considering
that the dark matter estimate was the mean density, one should not expect a
very close correlation. Bioplasma bodies may actually be denser than the
surrounding environment (in the dark biosphere). The measurement in the Noetic
Science experiment may also contain a certain percentage attributable to the
weight of unaccounted ordinary matter. Looking at the broad picture, therefore,
these estimates can be considered quite close. We hope that this finding will
motivate further experiments to weigh the human soul using more sensitive
scales in controlled settings.
References
X. Xu and E. R. Siegel, (2008) arXiv:
0806.3767v1 [astro-ph].
S. L. Adler, (2008) arXiv: 0805.2895v3
[astro-ph].
L. Ackerman, M. R. Buckley, S. M. Carroll, M.
Kamionkowski, (2008) arXiv: 0810.5126v1 [astro-ph].
G. Jungman, M. Kamionkowski, K. Griest,
Supersymmetric Dark Matter, Phys. Rep. 267 (1996), 195-373.
E. Lozneanu, M. Sanduloviciu, Chaos, Solitons
and Fractals 18 (2003), 335-343.
V. N. Tsytovich, G. E. Morfil, V. E. Fortov,
N. G. Gusein-Zade, B.A. Klumov, S.V. Vladmirov, New Journal of Physics 9
(2007), 263 doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/9/8/263.
Mituo Uehara et al, Physics and Biology:
Bio-plasma physics, American Journal of Physics 68 (2000), 450-455.
Sylvan Muldoon & Hereward Carrington, The
Projection of the Astral Body, Samuel Weiser Inc., USA, 1973.
Jay Alfred, Our Invisible Bodies, Trafford
Publishing, Canada, 2006.
Jay Alfred, “Earth’s Dark Matter Halo”, 2007,
at www.ezinearticles.com.
Jay Alfred, “Creation of Minimal Plasma Cell
Systems by Self-Organization in Earth’s Dark Biosphere leading to the Evolution
of Dark Plasma Life Forms”, Journal of Unconventional Theories and Research,
SJI, (in review, submitted March 2009).
Jay Alfred, “Dark Plasma & the Origin of
Angels, Aliens, Deities and Ghosts”, New Dawn Special Issue 7, 2009.
Jay Alfred, “Aliens from Dark Earth”, New
Dawn, May-June 2009.
Article Copyright© Jay Alfred - reproduced
with permission.
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