Andre's Why: SpaceTime as Molasses

Space-Time as Molasses .

Andre Willers

7 Sep 2013

Synopsis :

A variety of non-linear space drives .

Discussion :

1.Been done .

See Appendix C . And quite a number of them too . Your alien spacedrives will have a fair number of alternatives .

2. A molasses space-time is functionally equivalent to a Newtonian-Einsteinian-Quantum (NEQ) Space-Time .

All the gooy bits glue it together .

3. Thesis , Antithesis , Synthesis , FrankenThesis .

4. Humans get to Synthesis . The System they created then moves to FrankenThesis .

5. The cracks seal themselves .

6.Those little bugs in Appendix C that nevertheless move in a very low Reynolds number universe , in our terms use non-linear , some reactionless drives .

7.If bacteria can do it , humans can too . Directed movement in molasses . A universe of very low Reynolds Number .

8.Any particular universe will then have a general Reynolds number .How gooy it is . Parts of it will be more or less gooy .

9 Reynolds number of our universe :

See Appendix E :The early universe . A gooy place indeed . 0<=Reynoldsnumber< 10^ spread < 1 .

A handy way of classifying universes .

10. The Trick !

Momentum transfer to rotating systems .

Definition[edit source | editbeta]

Reynolds number can be defined for a number of different situations where a fluid is in relative motion to a surface.^{[n 1]} These definitions generally include the fluid properties of density and viscosity, plus a velocity and a characteristic length or characteristic dimension. This dimension is a matter of convention – for example a radius or diameter are equally valid for spheres or circles, but one is chosen by convention. For aircraft or ships, the length or width can be used. For flow in a pipe or a sphere moving in a fluid the internal diameter is generally used today. Other shapes such as rectangular pipes or non-spherical objects have an equivalent diameter defined. For fluids of variable density such as compressible gases or fluids of variable viscosity such as non-Newtonian fluids, special rules apply. The velocity may also be a matter of convention in some circumstances, notably stirred vessels. With these conventions, the Reynolds number is defined as

$\mathrm{Re} = {{\rho {\mathbf v} L} \over {\mu}} = {{{\mathbf v} L} \over {\nu}}$ ^[6]

where:

· ${\mathbf v}$ is the mean velocity of the object relative to the fluid (SI units: m/s)

is a characteristic linear dimension, (travelled length of the fluid; hydraulic diameter when dealing with river systems) (m)

· ${\mu}$ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pa·s or N·s/m² or kg/(m·s))

· ${\bold \nu}$ is the kinematic viscosity ( ${\bold \nu} = \mu /{\rho}$ ) (m²/s)

· ${\rho}\,$ is the density of the fluid (kg/m³).

Note that multiplying the Reynolds number by $L \mathrm{v} \over L \mathrm{v}$ yields $\rho \mathrm{v}^2L^2 \over \mu \mathrm{v}L$ , which is the ratio of the inertial forces to the viscous forces.^[7]

^{Wow !!}

It could also be considered the ratio of the total momentum transfer to the molecular momentum transfer.

If uvL is large (which we can engineer) , and switch it back again , we have a non-linear spacedrive .

11. This means that there is continual switching of energy between linear and rotational momentum systems . But now we can calculate it exactly . And the Reynolds Number for any particular volume can enable us to calculate the momentum transfers exactly .

12. There goes Dark Matter .

“It was a masky friend , but it served us well “

13. High blood pressure :

It also means there are molecules in the blood that translate pressure into rotation . See Dinosaurs , giraffes ,

14 .Why does the dog cock it’s head ? Or you ?

http://www.petfoodinstitute.org/news/135452/Why-Does-Your-Dog-Cock-Its-Head.htm

It lowers blood pressure and thus anxiety because of the above momentum transfer considerations .

!5 A simple anti-anxiety remedy :

Tic your head up and left or right . The motion is the key .

16. An interesting aside .

Functioning telempaths will have the move of their heads and upper bodies continuously in harmony .

See any orchestra , especially violinists .

Conversely , body language involving frequent moves of the head even have a special term “coquettish”.

It signifies low-stress , higher probability of acceptance .

If you roll tour eyes (a typical hominid look-at-the-canopy ) , roll left preferably .

17. An Exercise for the Dear Reader .

Calculate the range of Reynolds Numbers for universes that are sufficiently gooy for life .

Toffee Universes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toffee

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Appendix A

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds_number

In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless quantity that gives a measure of the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces and consequently quantifies the relative importance of these two types of forces for given flow conditions.^[2]

^{Low Reynolds numbers means a very viscous fluid .
See Appendix B}

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Appendix B

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscous

“ A liquid's viscosity depends on the size and shape of its particles and the attractions between the particles.^”

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^{Appendix C}

http://teusonho.com.br/Scientific%20American%20-nelly-.pdf

^{HOW TO SWIM IN MOLASSES}

^{Have evolved entirely different ways of swimming.}

^{Microorganisms’ two most common solutions to the
problems}

^{posed by low Reynolds numbers are cilia and ﬂ
agella. Short, hairlike projections called cilia coat the surfaces of paramecia
and}

^{other single-celled protozoans, which are
distinct from bacteria.}

^{To move, paramecia constantly row their cilia
like miniature oars,}

^{albeit in an unusual way. During the power
stroke, the cilia are}

^{fully extended, creating a lot of drag; during
the recovery stroke,}

^{however, the cilia ﬂ ex and curl into little
question marks, creating}

^{much less drag. Because of this di erence in
drag, the power}

^{stroke pushes the microorganisms forward more
than the recovery stroke pulls them back—so they swim.}

^{Many species of bacteria, such as the extensively
studied}

^{Escherichia coli, propel themselves with helical,
whiplike ﬁ laments of protein called ﬂ agella. Flagella look like long cilia
but}

^{behave quite di erently. Instead of rowing, a
bacterial ﬂ agellum}

^{rotates, pushing the cell to which it is attached
through a ﬂ uid}

^{somewhat like a corkscrew boring into a cork.
When the ﬂ agellum turns counterclockwise, the bacterium moves forward in a}

^{straight line; quickly switching to clockwise
rotation allows a}

^{microbe to tumble and change directions.}

^{don’t have any ﬂ agella.”}

^{Fusilli-shaped bacteria in the genus Spiroplasma,
for example, swim through the juices of the plants and insects they infect,}

^{although they have no swimming appendages of any
kind. Joshua W. Shaevitz, now at Princeton University, and his colleagues}

^{think that Spiroplasma bacteria have evolved a
rather kinky}

^{way of moving.}

^{The spiral-shaped Helicobacter pylori has evolved
an even}

^{more impressive way to reduce viscosity. A
bacterium that makes}

^{its home in the human stomach, the
ulcer-inducingH. pylorifaces two major challenges: first, it must survive the
stomach’s caustic soup; second, it must cross a thick layer of mucus to reach
the}

^{stomach’s epithelial cells, its preferred niche.
To solve the first}

^{problem, H. pylori secretes the enzyme urease,
which catalyzes a chemical reaction that}

^{turns urea in the stomach into ammonia and}

^{carbon dioxide, neutralizing hydrochloric}

^{acid. Biologists have always assumed that H.}

^{pylori relies on the power of its spinning
flagella to bore its way through mucus. Yet when}

^{NEWTON's law “force is proportional to
acceleration“ seems to contradict many every-day experiences.}

^{Observing, for example, the motion of bodies
under the influence of friction, the description „force is}

^{proportional to velocity“ rather gets to the core
of the matter, e.g., in order to keep a constant speed when}

^{riding on a bicycle, strength has to be used
indefinitely. If you want to travel at a faster speed indefinitely,}

^{then you have to pedal more vigorously which
indefinitely requires more strength.}

^{Actually, many mechanical processes in which
friction plays a role can be satisfactorily described with}

^{the ansatz „force ~ speed“. This is true, for
example, for the influence of friction on falling balls in fluids}

^{and gases. Two important examples for such
falling processes are the deposition of dust particles or water}

^{droplets (fog) from the air and the motion of
minute oil droplets as used in the MILLIKAN experiment for}

^{determining the elementary electronic chargeJonathan
Celli, now at the University of Massachusetts Boston, and his colleagues
deprived}

^{H. pylori of urea in the laboratory in 2009, it}

^{could not move through imitation mucus.}

^{The same chemical reaction that neutralizes}

^{acid in the stomach, Celli’s research suggests,
also changes the conformation of proteins in mucus, transforming it from a
virtually solid gel into a more navigable fluid.}

^{All around}

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^{Appendix D}

^{Der Gooy Trick!}

^{Linking Newton-Einstein-Quantum(NEQ) together .}

http://www.uni-oldenburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/physik/ag/physikpraktika/download/GPR/pdf/E_Viskositaet.pdf^{endix D}

^{NEWTON's
law “force is proportional to acceleration“ seems to contradict many every-day
experiences.}