Gelatine Genetic Memory.
Andre Willers
12 May 2012
“She turns my knees to jelly” popular song
Synopsis:
Gelatine contains random fragments of the genotype’s history . These interact with the immune system to challenge it .
Discussion :
Collagen is a triple wound strand of molecules . It is a remnant of pre-RNA evolution , but too stable to be suitable for genetic information transmission . Instead it was adapted as a stable connective material (like rope) , twisted and knotted in stable and strong configurations . But it still contains coding sequences that the equally old immune system recognizes .
Gelatin is what remains after collagen is randomly broken into pieces and double strands by hydrolysis . It still contains genetic information from it’s RNA roots . There is also information from newer genetic material sticking to it .
In other words, gelatine can and is a better method of introducing foreign genetic material into a cell
Sigh . Yet another way of transmitting phenotype changes into the genotype . But much smoother than viruses or prions .
This has obvious application to auto-imune diseases . Eat jelly .
For example :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen
“Type II Collagen and Rheumatoid Arthritis
According to a study[42] published in the journal Science, oral administration of type II collagenimproves symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The authors conducted a randomized, double-blind trial involving 60 patients with severe, active rheumatoid arthritis. A decrease in the number of swollen joints and tender joints occurred in subjects fed with chicken type II collagen for 3 months, but not in those that received a placebo. Four patients in the collagen group had complete remission of the disease. No side effects were evident.”
You see . Chicken soup is good for you . It activates the immune system and keeps it out of mischief .
Optimizing gelatins .
This seems difficult , but it is analogeous to crumpling paper . See Appendix I .
You can use this to Calculate exactly the frequency of random codons remaining .
Work done by Dr Johan Willers indicates that repeated heating and cooling of gelatines (reformatting) increases their resistance to outside infection by many orders of magnitude . So , apart from the immunological response , there is another factor at play .
This is theorized to be hibernation triggering .Enough H2S is released that it triggers hibernation in the muscle cells .Part of the feedback process .(only about 80 ppm is needed) See appendix II
Gelatines (especially toughened ones) can then be used to target groups of auto-immune diseases .
Targeted H2S releases can render malefic organisms dormant , allowing the immune system to deal with them .
The random fragments will give the immune system something to chew on .
So , give your child jelly .Why do you think hospitals always give it ? It is an immune booster , especially in children .
The alert reader would have noticed that jelly is then a substitute for the Appendix Veriformis . Gelatine (especially if reheated many times) , will make a good substitute for an immune system on training wheels .
Will this work for Diabetes ?
Maybe type I , but Type II might need a bit more work . But I am definitely going to try it .
Radiation Damage :
A melange of high H2S and immune system activation fragments should protect against radiation Damage by a factor between 100 and 1000 .
Packing transplant organs in multiple-recast gelatines should prolong .
Packing burn patients in multiple-recast gelatins should prevent infections ..
But who cares about saving lives ? You can look decades younger by plastering multiply-recast gelatins across your face . It will work . Think it through for yourself .
Bah .
From your friendly Local Civilization .
Andre
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Appendix I
http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
Crumpling Paper and Space-Time
Andre Willers
23 Feb 2012
“The moving finger writes , and having writ , crumples it in random ruins.”
With apologies to Omar Khayyam .
Synopsis:
Crumpled paper gives a good approximation of spacetime as a membrane with clumpy masses .
“Empty” spaces not occupied by the membrane gives an impression of dark matter .
We derive an expression to give this ratio using Infinite Descent and Beth(0) Random Walk .
Discussion :
1.The Crumpled paper :
Consider a paper disk of radius r and thickness d .
It's volume is then Vp=pi * r^2 * d
Draw a line from the center to the edge , in steps of length d , over the edge , then back to the center Let nu=r/d , a measure of the thickness of the paper . Note that it is a pure number .
The number of steps in the line is then n0=(2r/d)+1
But the number of steps to the edge of the original paper disk is n1=r/d=(n0-1)/2
r=d*(n0-1)/2
n0=2*nu+1
Vp=(pi*d^3*(n0-1)^2 )/4
Crumple it up in a way that is as random as flipping a coin (ie Beth(0) )
The Trick : The line we have drawn up above breaks up into random vectors by rotating through a third dimension = crumpling into a ball .
We thus have a continuous line of random steps of known number of steps .
In 3 dimensions , the mean square distance from the center then is known
R = d * (n0)^0.5 …. See true for all dimensions as long as all are of Beth(0) order of randomness.
Volume of crumpled ball Vb=4/3*pi*R^3
The Ratio Vb/Vp = mu then gives the ratio of crumpled ball space to volume of paper mass .
Mu={4/3*pi*d^3 *n0^(3/2)} / (pi*d^3*(n0-1)^2 )/4
Notice the d^3 term and pi cancels out . This has profound physical implications .
This simplifies to
Mu=4*4/3*(n0^3/2/(n0-1)^2)
Expressed as thickness of paper , nu , which is a pure number independent of metric chosen .
mu=4*4/3(2*nu+1)^3/2 / (2*nu)^2
mu=4/3*(2nu+1)^3/2 / nu^2
This gives a quartic equation in nu , which can be solved exactly algebraically .
(mu)^2*(nu)*4 – 2^7/3^2 *(nu)^3 – 2^6/3^2 (nu)^2 – 2^5/3^2 * (nu)^1 - 2^4/3^2 =0
Test it on A4 paper:
A4 paper has thickness d~0,1 mm and r~150 mm
nu=150/0,1
nu=1500
mu=4/3*(3001^3/2)/(1500^2)
mu=0.097421589
mu= 1- 0.90257841
This means that the crumpled A4 paper ball encloses about 90% empty space .
This agrees with experimental results . See NewScientist.
Note that the force applied does not matter . As long as the paper is untorn , mu will be the same .
How many times can it be folded ?
Solving the above (see below) gives mu=1 for about nu=14.7 to 14.8 .
This means there are no empty spaces left to fold into .
This can get complicated , so I will keep it simple .
Take a piece of paper and fold it . You then have a new piece of paper .The test-circle of same r will have double the thickness .
Ie , nu will double .
Between 7 and 8 folds , nu will hit the ceiling of mu=1 , regardless of the starting value of nu .
This is the maximum number of paper folds , as confirmed from other sources .
Physical interpretations :
Take an m-dimensional space . Randomness of order Beth(0) applies equally to all . The underlying equalizer . Collapse it to three dimensions and let the third one approach single Planck lengths .
Then we can use the above paper approximation . Notice how d cancels out except for an addition of 1 in final ratio .
What does it mean ?
See the physical universe as a brane (ie sheet of paper) in a multiverse . Crumpling it means it has mass and singularities . Both are aspects of the same thing .
An estimate of the number of singularities can be made from edges and points in crumpled paper .
Can we crumple the paper to a ball that is just paper ?
That is a particle .
The answer is “Yes” .
Such crumpling means that mu=1 (no empty space in any dimension )
This gives an quartic equation in nu that solves to four values , other dimensions than three denoted by i=(-1)^0.5
See http://www.1728.org/quartic.htm for a calculator
nu1= 14.722181 (this makes the physical particle universe possible . Mass .
Nu2= - 0.004167 + i*0.49558 (Rotation :Spin :charge and magnetism)
nu3 = - 0.004167 - i*0.49558 (Rotation :Spin :charge and magnetism) notice the minus sign .
Nu4= - 0.49164542 (quantum effects as the particles dither. Inertia?)
What does a negative nu mean ?
nu=r/d . A negative nu means one of r or d must be negative .
1.If r is negative , it can be interpreted as curled up dimensions , inside the “outside” dimensions as defined by i . See http:andreswhy.blogspot.com “ The inside of zero” Aug 2009
2.If d is negative , it can be interpreted as quantum effects . A particle does not “occupy” all the space . Likes hopscotch .
3.But notice the the two are interrelated .The notorious observer effect . Where we place the minus sign between r or d .
There should be relationships between nu2 , nu3 and nu4 . Various rotations between macro- and micro dimensions .
This means the contraption is not symmetrical But we already know that ,
Physical constants :
Things like charge , mass , etc should be derivable from these basics . Hint:use lots of crumpled paper .
There is hope . The fact that it is quartic equation , which is always solvable , means that the Universe can be understood . Complicated and perverse , but as long as you stick to Beth(0) randomness , it can be understood . For higher orders of randomness , good luck .
Dark Matter :
I nearly forgot . Using Planck units , we can define the ratio of thickness of the brane as
nu=c*PlanckTime/(1*Planck Time)
nu=c = 3*10^8
This gives a
Mu=4/3*(2c+1)^3/2 / c^2
Simplifying (c is very large) . This gives the approximation
mu=4/3* 2^1.5 / c^0.5
mu=2.1773242 * 10^ (-4)
mu = 1-0.999783357
This means that 99.9783357 % of the universe can be interpreted as being “Dark Matter”.
Ie with attractive and repulsive qualities . Basically empty space .
May you have joy of that .
An interesting aside :Creative artists .
How many pieces of paper does an artist need to crumple up and throw away before he finds something acceptable ?
Something acceptable would translate to mu=1 . Thus , we can say 7-8 truly random foldings should give a result .
The same holds for cryptanalysis or any attempt to find an unknown .
Algorithm :
Try 8 times , crumple , then put it aside and try again later .
There is a quantum connection , strange as it might seem .
And what about a nice little Crumpling App for smartphones ?
But the randomness should be from truly random tables , not pseudo-random generators .
Randomly yours.
Andre
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Hibernation and Cryogenics
Andre Willers
19 Nov 2008
Discussion :
Jessica Palmer pointed out on the 16th Nov 2008 that the primary problem with cryogenics seems to be in the re-establishment of metabolic processes after un-freezing .
But we have an already existing template for doing exactly that .
Hibernation .
See Appendix A
The evolutionary explanation is that during the transition-phase from methane/sulfur to oxygen atmosphere (circa 1.5 bn years ago) , there was a major advantage in suspending oxygen-driven systems if the organism found itself in a non-oxygen environment . It went into hibernation .
At the same time , alcohol was being excreted as a poison (like oxygen) . The ancestors of mitochondria (who could use low concentrations of oxygen or alcohol ) sought refuge in cells whose cell-walls were resistant (but not impervious) to alcohol transition .
Remember , alcohol is completely soluble in water , but oxygen is not . This difference drove the process . Alcohol concentrations in water could grow large , but oxygen-concentrations could not .
Mitochondria earned their keep by mopping up alcohol first and later converting oxygen to ATP . (The glucose and ketone metabolism came after this) . The ketone metabolism has never been very popular , because of the high loss-rate in excretory products , but has been kept as a third string on the bow . (Utilization of fat and protein-muscle reserves during low-glucose periods. )
Mitochondria thus has an exclusive preference of usage : alcohol , glucose , ketones in that order .
From experimental evidence (see Appendix A) , there is a genetic switch sensitive to the concentration of H2S to bring both the host cell and the mitochondrium to a state where all programmed molecular activity is suspended . (The power is switched off) .
But , of course , random beth(0) molecular activity due to temperature does not cease . Uncontrolled and anaerobic reactions still occur .
Freezing:
We get rid of most anaerobic organisms first .
Lots of sulfur , VitC and alcohol (fermented berries or carbohydrates in the stomach . A low acidity is required in the run-up to hibernation)
Then freeze .
Starting the contraption up again is a bit of a problem .
1. The power-plant :
The mitochondria needs to be primed with their preferred fuel (alcohol)
Oxygen needs to be infused .(Hyperbaric chamber)
2. Garbage disposal
The cellular garbage-disposal systems need to be activated . ATP from the powerplant needs to be allocated to breakdown-product disposal before the ATP is allocated to DNA/RNA production processes .
The garbage-disposal uses mechanisms that use sulfur to create the various vacuoles and ropes (cf mitosis) . Enough sulfur is vital .
Once again , oxygen and alcohol is used . Both are recognized by all systems as poisons to be removed as a first priority . They activate a quite sophisticated garbage-disposal system as H2S concentrations decrease .
3 . Flushing
All that garbage has to flushed away , preferably not through the kidneys or liver .
Use machines .
As H2S concentrations decrease , damage might occur due to PH fluctuations . Acidity (H2SO4 , etc) Buffering would be advisable .
4. Temperature:
Lots of water at 105 to 107 Fahrenheit for mammals , pulsing at pulserate(about 90 cycles per minute .)
This is to activate the chaperone systems and discourage opportunistic viruses .
5. Music
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Music”
Play harmonious music so the vibrations can be felt throughout organism being thawed . This enhances timing-procedures by orders of magnitudes . Emergent order .
(A Beth(0.x) effect . )
The de-hibernization process must have an exact program at molecular level to reboot the cellular metabolism . Precisely what you need after a cryogenic procedure .
But its efficiency (ie your chance of survival) can be boosted by orders of magnitude by using the steps above .
Interesting notes:
1. Do hibernating animals like bears use alcohol-producing cells in their bloodstream to time hibernation? This can be tested .
2. Are there cold-chaperone molecules ? There should be .
3. Hibernation is easy . Nature has done all the hard work . Keeping the mechanism ticking over at a very slow rate enables cellular-garbage clearing for a relatively short period (6-8 months)
4. De-cryogenics is a bit harder , Beth(1) intervention is needed .
5. Alcohol-concentrations : we are talking about 1% to 2% imbibing . About 0.06% inside the cell . Ie , the cell-wall protects by a factor of about 30
6. Pulse-Cryogenics : alternate freezing and hibernation to get a better survival factor . For those who are too stupid to design a zero-entropy system .
Try : Life=negative entropy . Non-life = positive entropy . Design it so the sum is zero .
Andre
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Appendix A
From http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “ Birdflu Update-4” dated 29 Oct 2005
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Suspended Animation (the real thing!)
In 2005, Mark Roth and other scientists from the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle demonstrated that mice can be put into a state of suspended animation by applying a low dosage of hydrogen sulfide (80 ppm H2S) in the air. The breathing rate of the animals sank from 120 to 10 breaths per minute and their temperature fell from 37 °C to 2 °C above ambient temperature (in effect, they had become cold-blooded). The mice survived this procedure for 6 hours and afterwards showed no negative health consequences.
Such a hibernation occurs naturally in many mammals and also in toads, but not in mice. (Mice can fall into a state called clinical torpor when food shortage occurs). If the H2S-induced hibernation can be made to work in humans, it could be useful in the emergency management of severely injured patients, and in the conservation of donated organs.
As mentioned above, hydrogen sulfide binds to cytochrome oxidase and thereby prevents oxygen from binding, which apparently leads to the dramatic slowdown of metabolism. Animals and humans naturally produce some hydrogen sulfide in their body; researchers have proposed that the gas is used to regulate metabolic activity and body temperature, which would explain the above findings
Dosages of H2S:
Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium nitrite, inhalation of pure oxygen, administration of bronchodilators to overcome eventual bronchospasm, and in some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Exposure to lower concentrations can result in eye irritation (because of the high alkality of the SH- anion), a sore throat and cough, shortness of breath, and fluid in the lungs. These symptoms usually go away in a few weeks. Long-term, low-level exposure may result in fatigue, loss of appetite, headaches, irritability, poor memory, and dizziness. Higher concentrations of 700-800 ppm tend to be fatal.
• 0.0047 ppm is the recognition threshold, the concentration at which 50% of humans can detect the characteristic rotten egg odor of hydrogen sulfide [2]
• 10-20 ppm is the borderline concentration for eye irritation.
• 50-100 ppm leads to eye damage.
• At 150-250 ppm the olfactory nerve is paralyzed after a few inhalations, and the sense of smell disappears, often together with awareness of danger,
• 320-530 ppm leads to pulmonary edema with the possibility of death.
• 530-1000 ppm causes strong stimulation of the central nervous system and rapid breathing, leading to loss of breathing;
o 800 ppm is the lethal concentration for 50% of humans for 5 minutes exposition (LC50).
Concentrations over 1000 ppm cause immediate collapse with loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath.
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Saturday, May 12, 2012
Why Freedom systems win .
Why Freedom Systems Win
Andre Willers
12 May 2012
Synopsis:
Long-term Freedom increases because it allows the self-assembly of local pockets of excellence . These bubble out , forming the new base . The process then repeats .
Discussion :
This is a complex process , involving Information availability , speed of access , protection of pockets of excellence , protection of bubbles expanding , etc .
It is easiest to illustrate it with examples from our recent history : (in descending order of importance).
1.USA vs USSR (WWIII)
To be more precise , the USA Military Industrial Complex vs the USSR Science Cities .
Both evolved stimulated pockets of excellence . But the killer app for the USA system was the evolution of DARPA , which added a whole extra degree of freedom compared to the USSR Science Cities . One need only to look at Oracle , Internet ,Irridium ,Siri . Not an optimal system , but much more efficient than directed research as practised in the USSR Science Cities .
DARPA is a sort of “Skunk Works” on steroids . Bubbles of excellence all over the place .
Note that this did not lead to physical war , although the losers lost badly . Why ? An exercise for the Reader .
2.Hitler vs The Rest . (WWII)
The First Nuclear Weapons .
See Appendix I below .
Directed information can have great short-term advantages . But unless the advantage is so great as to offset future pockets of excellence forming , the long-term freedom systems will win (Might be a bit tough in the short-term , though)
This principle can be clearly seen in the development of nuclear weapons .
The Manhattan Project’s team of scientists assembled themselves . The actual project had been initiated long before Einstein’s letter . If the USA had not sponsored the project , the pocket of excellence formed by the cream of Europe’s scientists would have found another backer .(An interesting Alternate History . Australia , Brazil , Argentina had the resources and political independence. What would it be like if Australia developed the first atomic bomb ?)
Once again , note how a pocket of excellence self-assembled without external direction .
The same happened with Bletchley Park .
3.WWI : everybody lost .
Notice how pockets of excellence (ie armor , aircraft , tactics) got lost . Explain why .
(Hint : Dragons’s Teeth)
4.Some older historical examples :
4.1Spain vs Dutch (ie Roman Catholicism vs Protestantism)
4.2Ottoman Empire vs Western Europe
4.3Romans vs Goths
4.4Assyrians vs Medes and Persians
The grand-daddy of Star Wars .
4.5Hittites vs Egyptians
The Great-great grand daddy of star wars , but ask Conan who the baddies were .
4.5Chinese vs Mongols .
An interesting one . Initially the advantage lay with the Mongols (12 th and 13th century) , as they had more pockets of excellence due to faster communication and pragmatism . The Corruption of Empire eroded this , until the Ming surpassed them in one of the greatest flowerings of civilization in human history . But the same Corruption of Empire eroded them
An interesting aside: The Corruption of Empire .
Don’t fix what is not broken translates into stifling of all innovation . The pockets of excellence gets pushed to the peripheries of Empire , with resulting higher returns . Capital flows after the higher yields , the Empire responds with higher taxes , conquest , etc . Eventually the trans-border entities become more capable than the Empire . The Empire is conquered , subsumed and the cycle starts again . See Lotus , Excel , Cloud .
Today , the borders of Empire have become fractal .
A typical run-up to a singularity .
When things are going good (ie you have a relative advantage) is exactly the time to use surplus capital in hiving off descendants (family) . The main point of Sex .
The run-up to the singularity will be extremely sexy (not what I expected) .
Post humans would then have many , many sexes , deliberately involving non-rational impulses . (Like using spices . Remember , spices are all poisons dressed up in small doses)
The relevance today ?
This is obvious . The allocation of resources will follow the most successful model , namely DARPA . If you dissect DARPA , you will see it is actually an example of the Ostrum principles in action . It follows all eight principles , especially that pesky eighth one (relationship with the government ) . My compliments to whoever is responsible .
I certainly did not expect this . That Ostrum Principles are already being used by the most successful institution in modern history .
May there be many imitators .
Your friendly Local Civilization .
Andre
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Appendix I
http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
Fuehrer Prinzip .
Andre Willers
5 Oct 2009
Synopsis :
Ever wonder how technophobes like the Nazi's managed to create technology that was far in advance of their contemporaries ?
Discussion :
Capitalist/Communist : Capital is allocated at the start (the top)
Fuehrer Prinzip : Capital is allocated at the end (the bottom) .
The difference can be exactly calculated using the principles of Reserves (see http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "New Tools: Reserves" or compound interest .
The Bottom :
Individuals hacked out their little niches . There was no oversight process . Each idea was judged on it's merit and the pushiness of it's sponsor . The sponsor was rewarded by resources and prestige . This leads to an explosion of different ideas .
Each leader literally pushes his ideas . Whether it is rockets , tanks , guns ,etc .
As long as the society was on a roll , it works very well . When resources become restricted , it bombs . The victors take over the good ideas .
Cf Vikings , Mongols , Nazis
Contrast this with the Capitalist or Communist process , where resource allocation is done at the capital-allocation stage . At the start . At the top .
The Bottom Line and the Top Line.
Capital control societies are Top Level control societies . You have to prove returns on an investment before any money is spent . I emphasize this .
The result is predictable . Innovation stagnates This makes room in the competition space for real bottom-line societies .
This leads to pulsed societies , with Capitalist/Communist systems alternating with Fuehrer Prinzip societies .
Evolutionary speaking , this is optimal as you get the best of both worlds .
The Napeolonic and Nazi's were the result of the European Class-system .
So is the present fundamentalist challenge (Christian or Muslim).
Old Christian and Muslim asset allocation are Top-line .
Internet , Old-Napoleonic is Bottom-Line .
Examples :
Pre-agricultural , Celtic , Bantu systems are Fuehrer Princip societies . Bottom-line counts .
Agricultural systems , Roman ,Chinese Empires etc are Top-level societies . Capital is allocated at the top .
Note that both are stagnant . They lead to optimal troughs that cannot be surmounted from internal resources .
Reminiscent of water-empires . External shocks from wealth creation destabilizes the whole shebang .
Can both exist at the same time ?
The Chinese Experiment :
Room for the small ones to experiment .
To have different districts with different growth rates . Differential Top-line and Bottom-line . Individuals can fit themselves into the environment that suits them .
The cost of capital has to be manipulated for this to work . This means the flow of capital .
The results of this has been calculated elsewhere .But as a rough estimate , capital flow is approximate to a AC current after it has passed through a rectifier .
The net bottom-line growth is about 7% . As observed . See previous posts .
The Optimal Mix :
1/3 Capitalism , 1/3 Communism and 1/3 FuehrerPrinzip
2/3 Top-line capital allocation , 1/3 Bottom-line capital allocation .
Fairly close to present world democracies . Very stable and strong .
The top-line allocation ameliorates brutal competition , without losing the benefits . The 1/3 ratios are derived from infinite progressions .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "NewTools: Reserves"
Messing it up :
You have to screw up the top-line (2/3) and the bottom-line (1/3) simultaneously . The odds of getting it right is about (1- (1-2/3)(1-1/3)) = 0.78 . Getting it wrong is about 22% .
Now you too can understand human history ,.
Every dynasty has 1/5 chance of getting it wrong.
The communists is just another dynasty ,
They have to work like blazes to maintain , and it is an exponential process .
No wonder Mao did the counter-exponential thing with the Cultural Revolution .
Did it work ? The jury is still out .
The revolution
You can calculate the odds from the Optimal Mix above .This is a fractal attractor . Regardless where you start off , the end is the same . Only the speed differs .
Your grandchildren are the end-results of these attractors .
The revolutions of the heart .
Almond eyes .
The floating hand
The backward glance
Stifled yawn .
Tojours !
Andre .
Andre Willers
12 May 2012
Synopsis:
Long-term Freedom increases because it allows the self-assembly of local pockets of excellence . These bubble out , forming the new base . The process then repeats .
Discussion :
This is a complex process , involving Information availability , speed of access , protection of pockets of excellence , protection of bubbles expanding , etc .
It is easiest to illustrate it with examples from our recent history : (in descending order of importance).
1.USA vs USSR (WWIII)
To be more precise , the USA Military Industrial Complex vs the USSR Science Cities .
Both evolved stimulated pockets of excellence . But the killer app for the USA system was the evolution of DARPA , which added a whole extra degree of freedom compared to the USSR Science Cities . One need only to look at Oracle , Internet ,Irridium ,Siri . Not an optimal system , but much more efficient than directed research as practised in the USSR Science Cities .
DARPA is a sort of “Skunk Works” on steroids . Bubbles of excellence all over the place .
Note that this did not lead to physical war , although the losers lost badly . Why ? An exercise for the Reader .
2.Hitler vs The Rest . (WWII)
The First Nuclear Weapons .
See Appendix I below .
Directed information can have great short-term advantages . But unless the advantage is so great as to offset future pockets of excellence forming , the long-term freedom systems will win (Might be a bit tough in the short-term , though)
This principle can be clearly seen in the development of nuclear weapons .
The Manhattan Project’s team of scientists assembled themselves . The actual project had been initiated long before Einstein’s letter . If the USA had not sponsored the project , the pocket of excellence formed by the cream of Europe’s scientists would have found another backer .(An interesting Alternate History . Australia , Brazil , Argentina had the resources and political independence. What would it be like if Australia developed the first atomic bomb ?)
Once again , note how a pocket of excellence self-assembled without external direction .
The same happened with Bletchley Park .
3.WWI : everybody lost .
Notice how pockets of excellence (ie armor , aircraft , tactics) got lost . Explain why .
(Hint : Dragons’s Teeth)
4.Some older historical examples :
4.1Spain vs Dutch (ie Roman Catholicism vs Protestantism)
4.2Ottoman Empire vs Western Europe
4.3Romans vs Goths
4.4Assyrians vs Medes and Persians
The grand-daddy of Star Wars .
4.5Hittites vs Egyptians
The Great-great grand daddy of star wars , but ask Conan who the baddies were .
4.5Chinese vs Mongols .
An interesting one . Initially the advantage lay with the Mongols (12 th and 13th century) , as they had more pockets of excellence due to faster communication and pragmatism . The Corruption of Empire eroded this , until the Ming surpassed them in one of the greatest flowerings of civilization in human history . But the same Corruption of Empire eroded them
An interesting aside: The Corruption of Empire .
Don’t fix what is not broken translates into stifling of all innovation . The pockets of excellence gets pushed to the peripheries of Empire , with resulting higher returns . Capital flows after the higher yields , the Empire responds with higher taxes , conquest , etc . Eventually the trans-border entities become more capable than the Empire . The Empire is conquered , subsumed and the cycle starts again . See Lotus , Excel , Cloud .
Today , the borders of Empire have become fractal .
A typical run-up to a singularity .
When things are going good (ie you have a relative advantage) is exactly the time to use surplus capital in hiving off descendants (family) . The main point of Sex .
The run-up to the singularity will be extremely sexy (not what I expected) .
Post humans would then have many , many sexes , deliberately involving non-rational impulses . (Like using spices . Remember , spices are all poisons dressed up in small doses)
The relevance today ?
This is obvious . The allocation of resources will follow the most successful model , namely DARPA . If you dissect DARPA , you will see it is actually an example of the Ostrum principles in action . It follows all eight principles , especially that pesky eighth one (relationship with the government ) . My compliments to whoever is responsible .
I certainly did not expect this . That Ostrum Principles are already being used by the most successful institution in modern history .
May there be many imitators .
Your friendly Local Civilization .
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix I
http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
Fuehrer Prinzip .
Andre Willers
5 Oct 2009
Synopsis :
Ever wonder how technophobes like the Nazi's managed to create technology that was far in advance of their contemporaries ?
Discussion :
Capitalist/Communist : Capital is allocated at the start (the top)
Fuehrer Prinzip : Capital is allocated at the end (the bottom) .
The difference can be exactly calculated using the principles of Reserves (see http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "New Tools: Reserves" or compound interest .
The Bottom :
Individuals hacked out their little niches . There was no oversight process . Each idea was judged on it's merit and the pushiness of it's sponsor . The sponsor was rewarded by resources and prestige . This leads to an explosion of different ideas .
Each leader literally pushes his ideas . Whether it is rockets , tanks , guns ,etc .
As long as the society was on a roll , it works very well . When resources become restricted , it bombs . The victors take over the good ideas .
Cf Vikings , Mongols , Nazis
Contrast this with the Capitalist or Communist process , where resource allocation is done at the capital-allocation stage . At the start . At the top .
The Bottom Line and the Top Line.
Capital control societies are Top Level control societies . You have to prove returns on an investment before any money is spent . I emphasize this .
The result is predictable . Innovation stagnates This makes room in the competition space for real bottom-line societies .
This leads to pulsed societies , with Capitalist/Communist systems alternating with Fuehrer Prinzip societies .
Evolutionary speaking , this is optimal as you get the best of both worlds .
The Napeolonic and Nazi's were the result of the European Class-system .
So is the present fundamentalist challenge (Christian or Muslim).
Old Christian and Muslim asset allocation are Top-line .
Internet , Old-Napoleonic is Bottom-Line .
Examples :
Pre-agricultural , Celtic , Bantu systems are Fuehrer Princip societies . Bottom-line counts .
Agricultural systems , Roman ,Chinese Empires etc are Top-level societies . Capital is allocated at the top .
Note that both are stagnant . They lead to optimal troughs that cannot be surmounted from internal resources .
Reminiscent of water-empires . External shocks from wealth creation destabilizes the whole shebang .
Can both exist at the same time ?
The Chinese Experiment :
Room for the small ones to experiment .
To have different districts with different growth rates . Differential Top-line and Bottom-line . Individuals can fit themselves into the environment that suits them .
The cost of capital has to be manipulated for this to work . This means the flow of capital .
The results of this has been calculated elsewhere .But as a rough estimate , capital flow is approximate to a AC current after it has passed through a rectifier .
The net bottom-line growth is about 7% . As observed . See previous posts .
The Optimal Mix :
1/3 Capitalism , 1/3 Communism and 1/3 FuehrerPrinzip
2/3 Top-line capital allocation , 1/3 Bottom-line capital allocation .
Fairly close to present world democracies . Very stable and strong .
The top-line allocation ameliorates brutal competition , without losing the benefits . The 1/3 ratios are derived from infinite progressions .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "NewTools: Reserves"
Messing it up :
You have to screw up the top-line (2/3) and the bottom-line (1/3) simultaneously . The odds of getting it right is about (1- (1-2/3)(1-1/3)) = 0.78 . Getting it wrong is about 22% .
Now you too can understand human history ,.
Every dynasty has 1/5 chance of getting it wrong.
The communists is just another dynasty ,
They have to work like blazes to maintain , and it is an exponential process .
No wonder Mao did the counter-exponential thing with the Cultural Revolution .
Did it work ? The jury is still out .
The revolution
You can calculate the odds from the Optimal Mix above .This is a fractal attractor . Regardless where you start off , the end is the same . Only the speed differs .
Your grandchildren are the end-results of these attractors .
The revolutions of the heart .
Almond eyes .
The floating hand
The backward glance
Stifled yawn .
Tojours !
Andre .
Monday, May 07, 2012
Crocodile diamonds
Crocodile Diamonds
Andre Willers
8 May 2012
Synopsis:
Alluvial Diamonds are sequestrated over very long periods of time as crocodile dung . Very rich deposits are hidden in river banks .
Discussion :
Alluvial diamonds in some South African rivers were eaten by fish , and eventually by the top-predators , crocs . Their fantastic immune system encapsulated the diamonds in a carbon capsule , which was eventually excreted in their dens in the river banks . Here they metamorphized (fossilised ? ) into rock-like lumps .
These would all be large stones .
Happy hunting !
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Andre Willers
8 May 2012
Synopsis:
Alluvial Diamonds are sequestrated over very long periods of time as crocodile dung . Very rich deposits are hidden in river banks .
Discussion :
Alluvial diamonds in some South African rivers were eaten by fish , and eventually by the top-predators , crocs . Their fantastic immune system encapsulated the diamonds in a carbon capsule , which was eventually excreted in their dens in the river banks . Here they metamorphized (fossilised ? ) into rock-like lumps .
These would all be large stones .
Happy hunting !
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Why you have no tail
Why you have no tail.
Andre Willers
8 May 2012
Synopsis:
Menstrual beats estrual in reproductivity stakes .
Discussion :
1.Apes (tailless) are menstrual . Most other animals (except rabbits) are estrual .
2.In estrual animals , the unfertilized eggs and plastrum is reabsorbed . Makes sense . But in menstrual animals , it is excreted . Leaving a bloody scent trail and a loss of vital nutrients .
3.Why ? Rate of fertility . We immediately suspect a prion .Something that blocks the “END” codon of some fertility hormones . Re-absorption of estrus does not occur , but is excreted . (“Periods” )
4. The estrual end sequences do not occur , and the female is immediately ready to conceive
5.Fertility is enhanced .
6.Tails : The menstrual ejecta has to go somewhere . A lot sticks on the hairs of the tail , making the female very vulnerable . So , the evolutionary process would be first to lose the hairs , then to shrink the tail . Like we have today . Even rat’s tails are hairless .
7. And your tail is a caudal appendage , hidden inside your backside’s skin .
8. And Rabbits ? I don’t know . You figure it out .Why do they have tails ?
9.AIDS :The driving agent of AIDS would seem to be a prion . Interfering with the reading of the “END” codon , driving the immune system . Rather simple .
10. Bush meat , anybody ? The prion would derive from tailless apes . A managed system would be simple : just target certain “END” DNA sequences with antibodies. But what do I know ?
11.Virtual tails :
Humans still have the machinery to use create and use virtual tails . You can imagine and feel them . Would this inactivate the AIDS prion ? Try .
From your friendly Local Civilization .
Andre
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Andre Willers
8 May 2012
Synopsis:
Menstrual beats estrual in reproductivity stakes .
Discussion :
1.Apes (tailless) are menstrual . Most other animals (except rabbits) are estrual .
2.In estrual animals , the unfertilized eggs and plastrum is reabsorbed . Makes sense . But in menstrual animals , it is excreted . Leaving a bloody scent trail and a loss of vital nutrients .
3.Why ? Rate of fertility . We immediately suspect a prion .Something that blocks the “END” codon of some fertility hormones . Re-absorption of estrus does not occur , but is excreted . (“Periods” )
4. The estrual end sequences do not occur , and the female is immediately ready to conceive
5.Fertility is enhanced .
6.Tails : The menstrual ejecta has to go somewhere . A lot sticks on the hairs of the tail , making the female very vulnerable . So , the evolutionary process would be first to lose the hairs , then to shrink the tail . Like we have today . Even rat’s tails are hairless .
7. And your tail is a caudal appendage , hidden inside your backside’s skin .
8. And Rabbits ? I don’t know . You figure it out .Why do they have tails ?
9.AIDS :The driving agent of AIDS would seem to be a prion . Interfering with the reading of the “END” codon , driving the immune system . Rather simple .
10. Bush meat , anybody ? The prion would derive from tailless apes . A managed system would be simple : just target certain “END” DNA sequences with antibodies. But what do I know ?
11.Virtual tails :
Humans still have the machinery to use create and use virtual tails . You can imagine and feel them . Would this inactivate the AIDS prion ? Try .
From your friendly Local Civilization .
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
EuroCrisis May 2012
EuroCrisis May 2012
Andre Willers
7 May 2012
“A horse! A horse! My Kingdom for a horse!” Shakespeare .
“It is lonely in the saddle if the horse is dead .” Popular song .
Synopsis :
The paradox of Austerity or Spending (“Tragedy of the Commons” ) can be resolved by the Synthesis of Negotiated Usage of Common Resources , using Ostrum Principles .
Discussion :
1.The Euro currency and EuroZone is a common resource for all the nations in it , and many out of it .
2.The Nations are not just the Bankers , Politicians ,etc . But also the People .
3.The voters have now in eleven European nations rejected the “Austerity for the People Only” model .
4.Assets and burdens can be allocated more fairly by using the Ostrum Principles . See Appendix I for your convenience .
5.This is a tried method of bypassing Tragedies of the Commons .
Courtesy of your Local Civilization .
Andre
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix I
http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
The Ostrum Game
Andre Willers
30 Oct 2011
“One Game shall bind them all .” , ( with apologies to Tolkien)
“This time , we know for sure the grass is greener somewhere”
“A Revolution , any Revolution.”
Synopsis :
A Game for Grown-ups .
The Eight Ostrum Design Principles are Meta-rules that generate self-consistent sets of rules that encompasses competition , co-operation , catastrophe , hierarchies and other systems undreamt of , all between discrete , interacting , self-organising systems .
Your avatar can go from SecondLife to Simworld , to War Worlds , to any desired locale .
Reality becomes a subset .
Discussion :
1.An incredible amount of money can be made .While money still has some meaning .
Without too much work . See Para 8 in Appendix A
Each Game Company is a base nested institution .
They bind easily together , releasing a lot of energy and money .
Explosive Feedback Synergism .
A run-up to the Singularity .
2.Feedback between Games and Reality :
The Meta-rules make no differentiation between Game-characters and Real-characters .
Indeed , many Real-characters have been spun into Game-characters , and vice-versa .
Think Sherlock Holmes , MacGyver , Gauss , young Werther etc
See “mirror-neuron networks” , any soap opera , etc .
Real-life problems get treated the same way as Game problems . The more diverse and sophisticated the Game interactions become , the more effect on any real or Game system .
Eventually , they become undistinguishable as technology progresses .
3.The Grass is provably greener somewhere .
Long known as a wishful thinking fallacy , until Ostrum published the Design Principles in 1990 .
This was the trigger event of under-the-surface knowledge about Ostrum Rules building up .
Suddenly , it became possible .
A Phase-change in the noosphere occurred .
It meant that a Disaster of the Commons or an Empire was not inevitable . Grandchildren could survive .
WE CAN MAKE THE GRASS GREENER , EVEN IF WE HAVE TO PAINT IT ONE BLADE AT A TIME .
Enormous tensions began surfacing . These effects are still playing out now .
A really , really major Hysterical Focus started forming , and is still intensifying .
Now , are you surprised that 1990 was the year of huge revolutions , when the USSR collapsed ?
The Ostrum Game beat the Ring of Power .
And you have not seen anything yet .
The pace of Revolutions is intensifying .
A good thing , if Homo wishes to escape extinction .
4.Automating Ostrum Rules :
They might be Meta-rules , but they are still rules .
We can certainly write programs that can serve to guide past most of the pitfalls and suggest alternatives .
5.Multicellular Bodies as Commons :
We can certainly analyze bodies in terms of Commons . The Dear Reader will find many interesting things if he does that .
Note the emphasis on communication .
Talk to your body . Aloud . And listen in the silences in between .
Create a virtual body and note the interactions .
Use the Ostrum Design principles .
6.Singularity :
It is immediately obvious that humans are then not limited to Real biochemical definitions of personality . The emphasis on communication means that personalities are distributed across Real and Game spaces . The Game space personality segments are only limited by internal non-contradictory rules . That can be done via Ostrum Design principles .
Not exactly instantaneous , but I can intuit that the time can be calculated . It would be less than real time .
The putative developing system would have ethical constraints on abandoning Real-part personalities under Ostrum Rules .
Told you it would be kindler , gentler .
7.Phase Change :
The system has already undergone an irrevocable phase change in 1990 .
You can fast-forward the rest .
8.Did Ostrum know what she was unleashing ?
The Revolutionary aspects , nearly certainly .
In her quiet way , she is one of the greatest Revolutionaries in Homo Sapiens history . Worthy of being called a Matriarch .
The Singularity aspect is more uncertain . She certainly knew that she unleashed major fairness , but the phase-change in the Noosphere I do not know .
Still , a tour-de-force .
How do feel like being a pet of your avatar ?
Andre .
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix A
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom
To quote from Wiki : (comments in brackets are my own ).
“ Ostrom identifies eight "design principles" of stable local common pool resource management:[10]
1. Clearly defined boundaries (effective exclusion of external un-entitled parties;
2. Rules regarding the appropriation and provision of common resources that are adapted to local conditions; (Equal sharing of debts and rewards)
3. Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to participate in the decision-making process; (Consensus decisions-no leveraged hierarchies)
4. Effective monitoring by monitors who are part of or accountable to the appropriators; (Policing)
5. A scale of graduated sanctions for resource appropriators who violate community rules; (Opportunity to learn from mistakes )
6. Mechanisms of conflict resolution that are cheap and of easy access; (Fair and Fast Justice . See how Inquisitorial Justice systems like Chinese , French or Sharia does it.)
7. Self-determination of the community recognized by higher-level authorities; (Autonomy within clearly defined levels . Something like a Federation.)
8. In the case of larger common-pool resources,organization in the form of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base level. (Clear and quick relations with others. A potential sticky point with states.)
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action Ostrom, Elinor, Cambridge University Press, 1990 “
The most important book in the Twentieth Century .
Try to read it .
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Andre Willers
7 May 2012
“A horse! A horse! My Kingdom for a horse!” Shakespeare .
“It is lonely in the saddle if the horse is dead .” Popular song .
Synopsis :
The paradox of Austerity or Spending (“Tragedy of the Commons” ) can be resolved by the Synthesis of Negotiated Usage of Common Resources , using Ostrum Principles .
Discussion :
1.The Euro currency and EuroZone is a common resource for all the nations in it , and many out of it .
2.The Nations are not just the Bankers , Politicians ,etc . But also the People .
3.The voters have now in eleven European nations rejected the “Austerity for the People Only” model .
4.Assets and burdens can be allocated more fairly by using the Ostrum Principles . See Appendix I for your convenience .
5.This is a tried method of bypassing Tragedies of the Commons .
Courtesy of your Local Civilization .
Andre
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix I
http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
The Ostrum Game
Andre Willers
30 Oct 2011
“One Game shall bind them all .” , ( with apologies to Tolkien)
“This time , we know for sure the grass is greener somewhere”
“A Revolution , any Revolution.”
Synopsis :
A Game for Grown-ups .
The Eight Ostrum Design Principles are Meta-rules that generate self-consistent sets of rules that encompasses competition , co-operation , catastrophe , hierarchies and other systems undreamt of , all between discrete , interacting , self-organising systems .
Your avatar can go from SecondLife to Simworld , to War Worlds , to any desired locale .
Reality becomes a subset .
Discussion :
1.An incredible amount of money can be made .While money still has some meaning .
Without too much work . See Para 8 in Appendix A
Each Game Company is a base nested institution .
They bind easily together , releasing a lot of energy and money .
Explosive Feedback Synergism .
A run-up to the Singularity .
2.Feedback between Games and Reality :
The Meta-rules make no differentiation between Game-characters and Real-characters .
Indeed , many Real-characters have been spun into Game-characters , and vice-versa .
Think Sherlock Holmes , MacGyver , Gauss , young Werther etc
See “mirror-neuron networks” , any soap opera , etc .
Real-life problems get treated the same way as Game problems . The more diverse and sophisticated the Game interactions become , the more effect on any real or Game system .
Eventually , they become undistinguishable as technology progresses .
3.The Grass is provably greener somewhere .
Long known as a wishful thinking fallacy , until Ostrum published the Design Principles in 1990 .
This was the trigger event of under-the-surface knowledge about Ostrum Rules building up .
Suddenly , it became possible .
A Phase-change in the noosphere occurred .
It meant that a Disaster of the Commons or an Empire was not inevitable . Grandchildren could survive .
WE CAN MAKE THE GRASS GREENER , EVEN IF WE HAVE TO PAINT IT ONE BLADE AT A TIME .
Enormous tensions began surfacing . These effects are still playing out now .
A really , really major Hysterical Focus started forming , and is still intensifying .
Now , are you surprised that 1990 was the year of huge revolutions , when the USSR collapsed ?
The Ostrum Game beat the Ring of Power .
And you have not seen anything yet .
The pace of Revolutions is intensifying .
A good thing , if Homo wishes to escape extinction .
4.Automating Ostrum Rules :
They might be Meta-rules , but they are still rules .
We can certainly write programs that can serve to guide past most of the pitfalls and suggest alternatives .
5.Multicellular Bodies as Commons :
We can certainly analyze bodies in terms of Commons . The Dear Reader will find many interesting things if he does that .
Note the emphasis on communication .
Talk to your body . Aloud . And listen in the silences in between .
Create a virtual body and note the interactions .
Use the Ostrum Design principles .
6.Singularity :
It is immediately obvious that humans are then not limited to Real biochemical definitions of personality . The emphasis on communication means that personalities are distributed across Real and Game spaces . The Game space personality segments are only limited by internal non-contradictory rules . That can be done via Ostrum Design principles .
Not exactly instantaneous , but I can intuit that the time can be calculated . It would be less than real time .
The putative developing system would have ethical constraints on abandoning Real-part personalities under Ostrum Rules .
Told you it would be kindler , gentler .
7.Phase Change :
The system has already undergone an irrevocable phase change in 1990 .
You can fast-forward the rest .
8.Did Ostrum know what she was unleashing ?
The Revolutionary aspects , nearly certainly .
In her quiet way , she is one of the greatest Revolutionaries in Homo Sapiens history . Worthy of being called a Matriarch .
The Singularity aspect is more uncertain . She certainly knew that she unleashed major fairness , but the phase-change in the Noosphere I do not know .
Still , a tour-de-force .
How do feel like being a pet of your avatar ?
Andre .
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix A
See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elinor_Ostrom
To quote from Wiki : (comments in brackets are my own ).
“ Ostrom identifies eight "design principles" of stable local common pool resource management:[10]
1. Clearly defined boundaries (effective exclusion of external un-entitled parties;
2. Rules regarding the appropriation and provision of common resources that are adapted to local conditions; (Equal sharing of debts and rewards)
3. Collective-choice arrangements that allow most resource appropriators to participate in the decision-making process; (Consensus decisions-no leveraged hierarchies)
4. Effective monitoring by monitors who are part of or accountable to the appropriators; (Policing)
5. A scale of graduated sanctions for resource appropriators who violate community rules; (Opportunity to learn from mistakes )
6. Mechanisms of conflict resolution that are cheap and of easy access; (Fair and Fast Justice . See how Inquisitorial Justice systems like Chinese , French or Sharia does it.)
7. Self-determination of the community recognized by higher-level authorities; (Autonomy within clearly defined levels . Something like a Federation.)
8. In the case of larger common-pool resources,organization in the form of multiple layers of nested enterprises, with small local CPRs at the base level. (Clear and quick relations with others. A potential sticky point with states.)
Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action Ostrom, Elinor, Cambridge University Press, 1990 “
The most important book in the Twentieth Century .
Try to read it .
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Friday, May 04, 2012
Fair and Square
Fair and Square .
Andre Willers
4 May 2012
“The unspeakable in pursuit of the uneatable.” Oscar Wilde.
Synopsis :
A simple game that is smarter than the players .
Discussion :
What does the game teach ?
1.Manual dexterity
2.Short term memory
3.Pattern recognition.
4.Pattern creation
5.If-Then analysis
6.Social skills
7.Randomness
8.Colors
9.Negotiating skills
The Game:
A Rubik cube with the standard 3x3 x6 = 36 faces .
These faces are made up of the 9 non-zero digits , plus 26 letters of the alphabet , plus one wildcard . They are each colored differently .
Three or more related faces form a pattern . Every pattern scores points .
The player with the most points wins .
The Rules :
1.The House (ie parent) rules if a relation is Fair , but this is subject to appeal to dictionaries , mathematical formulae , sheer persuasion , etc. Relations is 3 or more things in a logical sequence . Even a random start will give some points , if the player is smart enough to see them . But non-obvious ones will need some persuasion . Hence the social skills bit.
2.The more faces in a relation , the more points: 3 faces , 1 point ; 4 faces,2 points , etc .
3.Numerical and alphabetical points are addititive . If the appeal rules include Text abbreviations , the same applies . The same for the wild card .(ie some sub-patterns could be double counted)
4. The cost to play : half a point for a click . Wipeout is set by agreement by players or house. A player can pass .
5.If the game freezes (ie everyone passes three times) , every player (including the house) forfeits 2/3 of their points (including negative points-think it through) . The cube is randomized and play resumes . But the House rotates to the next player with the second-highest score . (Just to set the cat amongst the pigeons !) . Negative score players cannot resume play in the same game .
6.Cashing out: Positive points get paid out .
Negative points get nothing. So , they get to play for nothing . That’s life . Live with it .
7. Players may collude .
8.Keeping track of points : use chips (sweets , etc)
Why is the game smarter than the players ?
The Rules of Appeal and Reset , combined with Human Nature (a Beth(3.x) system) , always results in a new set of rules (This is because A+~A is less than the Universum) . The system bootstraps .
See Appendix I and Appendix II , where I have done some preliminary analyses of a similar system .
As you can see , games like Tarot are too smart (ie they have little redundancy) . Humans require the assurance of cross-checking (redundancy) .
“Fair and Square” includes the players , so only a Beth(4) player could beat it .
Try .
Andre
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Appendix I
Tarot .
Andre Willers
7 May 2010
Synopsis:
Tarot is a finite representation of complexity to up Beth(4) level .
Discussion:
1.Can infinite manipulations be represented by finite rules?
Yes . Done all the time with the finite rules of differentiation and integration in mathematics.
2.Archetypes:
Postulate an infinity of delineated entities interacting . Two varieties of interactions can be found : Euler (ie infinitesimal with e as basis . Newtonian or Einsteinian systems)
or Fibonacci , (a finite change interaction . Also known as Quantum systems).
Both self-generate finite rules for infinite processes .
These finite rules are known as archetypes .
And there are a finite number of them . And we can enumerate them .
Why?
Also known as the Power Law . Infinite feedback systems of delineated entities self-combine to form hierarchical systems below Beth(4) levels .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "AI"
Quantum systems , by definition , can only be enumerated in qubits .
An Image to illustrate this :
Imagine a hologram of n dimensions sliced by a plane . The plane is a computer screen or your 2-dimensional mental screen .
Past Beth(4) , the mind is acting in it's native mode , which is quantum mode .
The n-tuple entendre is standard for information transfer .
Information bleed-through from quantum systems leads to a finite number of rules .
Sigh . I cannot make it simpler than this .
Why there are 40+16=56 minor cards I have discussed before . It is intimately tied to ArithI and prime numbers .
Why there are only 22 major arcana cards to handle the rest of the infinite feedback systems up to Beth(4) levels I will have to think about . At the moment , I simply do not know why there are so few . But there it is .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "Betablockers and Trauma memory"
Tarot cards represent a finite (less than 100) images's and procedures of infinite processes below native quantum processing .
Happy hunting!
Andre
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix II
Tarot II
Andre Willers
10 May 2010
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "The inside of Zero"
You need 26 dimensions to describe a non-rotating ArithI system .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "NewTools-Reserves" for the argument that any reserve should be 1/3 .
Tarot =26*3=78 . The minimum sufficient necessary . The alphabet .
Subsets:
With rotations you need minimum sufficient 2x26=52 .
The rotations at minimum necessary should be through 4 dimensions . 3 Space and one time at a minimum necessary sufficient . These are the ArithII dimensions , and are completely specified by the rotations .Notice that they are subsumed by the 26*3 dimensions above .
This gives 52+4=56 , the number of minor arcana .
We know we only need 78 . So the remainder must be 22 .
So we have
26+26 = 52 (min necessary suff through dim rotations for ArithI systems)
4= dimensions needed for rotation (see 4colour theorem)
78 = 26x3 The minimum necessary sufficient for any set of dimensions .
The remainder is 78 – (52+4) = 22 dimensions for infinite feedback . Quite remarkable .
Note that 52/78 = 0.66666 . The reserve (remainder 1/3) is then the indeterminate element .
The major Arcana .is then Major . Not what I expected . 1/3 of the data in the system is in the Major Arcana . Make of it what you will .
A bit further on , you will be a really good poker player .
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Andre Willers
4 May 2012
“The unspeakable in pursuit of the uneatable.” Oscar Wilde.
Synopsis :
A simple game that is smarter than the players .
Discussion :
What does the game teach ?
1.Manual dexterity
2.Short term memory
3.Pattern recognition.
4.Pattern creation
5.If-Then analysis
6.Social skills
7.Randomness
8.Colors
9.Negotiating skills
The Game:
A Rubik cube with the standard 3x3 x6 = 36 faces .
These faces are made up of the 9 non-zero digits , plus 26 letters of the alphabet , plus one wildcard . They are each colored differently .
Three or more related faces form a pattern . Every pattern scores points .
The player with the most points wins .
The Rules :
1.The House (ie parent) rules if a relation is Fair , but this is subject to appeal to dictionaries , mathematical formulae , sheer persuasion , etc. Relations is 3 or more things in a logical sequence . Even a random start will give some points , if the player is smart enough to see them . But non-obvious ones will need some persuasion . Hence the social skills bit.
2.The more faces in a relation , the more points: 3 faces , 1 point ; 4 faces,2 points , etc .
3.Numerical and alphabetical points are addititive . If the appeal rules include Text abbreviations , the same applies . The same for the wild card .(ie some sub-patterns could be double counted)
4. The cost to play : half a point for a click . Wipeout is set by agreement by players or house. A player can pass .
5.If the game freezes (ie everyone passes three times) , every player (including the house) forfeits 2/3 of their points (including negative points-think it through) . The cube is randomized and play resumes . But the House rotates to the next player with the second-highest score . (Just to set the cat amongst the pigeons !) . Negative score players cannot resume play in the same game .
6.Cashing out: Positive points get paid out .
Negative points get nothing. So , they get to play for nothing . That’s life . Live with it .
7. Players may collude .
8.Keeping track of points : use chips (sweets , etc)
Why is the game smarter than the players ?
The Rules of Appeal and Reset , combined with Human Nature (a Beth(3.x) system) , always results in a new set of rules (This is because A+~A is less than the Universum) . The system bootstraps .
See Appendix I and Appendix II , where I have done some preliminary analyses of a similar system .
As you can see , games like Tarot are too smart (ie they have little redundancy) . Humans require the assurance of cross-checking (redundancy) .
“Fair and Square” includes the players , so only a Beth(4) player could beat it .
Try .
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix I
Tarot .
Andre Willers
7 May 2010
Synopsis:
Tarot is a finite representation of complexity to up Beth(4) level .
Discussion:
1.Can infinite manipulations be represented by finite rules?
Yes . Done all the time with the finite rules of differentiation and integration in mathematics.
2.Archetypes:
Postulate an infinity of delineated entities interacting . Two varieties of interactions can be found : Euler (ie infinitesimal with e as basis . Newtonian or Einsteinian systems)
or Fibonacci , (a finite change interaction . Also known as Quantum systems).
Both self-generate finite rules for infinite processes .
These finite rules are known as archetypes .
And there are a finite number of them . And we can enumerate them .
Why?
Also known as the Power Law . Infinite feedback systems of delineated entities self-combine to form hierarchical systems below Beth(4) levels .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "AI"
Quantum systems , by definition , can only be enumerated in qubits .
An Image to illustrate this :
Imagine a hologram of n dimensions sliced by a plane . The plane is a computer screen or your 2-dimensional mental screen .
Past Beth(4) , the mind is acting in it's native mode , which is quantum mode .
The n-tuple entendre is standard for information transfer .
Information bleed-through from quantum systems leads to a finite number of rules .
Sigh . I cannot make it simpler than this .
Why there are 40+16=56 minor cards I have discussed before . It is intimately tied to ArithI and prime numbers .
Why there are only 22 major arcana cards to handle the rest of the infinite feedback systems up to Beth(4) levels I will have to think about . At the moment , I simply do not know why there are so few . But there it is .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "Betablockers and Trauma memory"
Tarot cards represent a finite (less than 100) images's and procedures of infinite processes below native quantum processing .
Happy hunting!
Andre
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Appendix II
Tarot II
Andre Willers
10 May 2010
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "The inside of Zero"
You need 26 dimensions to describe a non-rotating ArithI system .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com "NewTools-Reserves" for the argument that any reserve should be 1/3 .
Tarot =26*3=78 . The minimum sufficient necessary . The alphabet .
Subsets:
With rotations you need minimum sufficient 2x26=52 .
The rotations at minimum necessary should be through 4 dimensions . 3 Space and one time at a minimum necessary sufficient . These are the ArithII dimensions , and are completely specified by the rotations .Notice that they are subsumed by the 26*3 dimensions above .
This gives 52+4=56 , the number of minor arcana .
We know we only need 78 . So the remainder must be 22 .
So we have
26+26 = 52 (min necessary suff through dim rotations for ArithI systems)
4= dimensions needed for rotation (see 4colour theorem)
78 = 26x3 The minimum necessary sufficient for any set of dimensions .
The remainder is 78 – (52+4) = 22 dimensions for infinite feedback . Quite remarkable .
Note that 52/78 = 0.66666 . The reserve (remainder 1/3) is then the indeterminate element .
The major Arcana .is then Major . Not what I expected . 1/3 of the data in the system is in the Major Arcana . Make of it what you will .
A bit further on , you will be a really good poker player .
Andre
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Wednesday, May 02, 2012
Hold your breath .
Hold your breath
Andre Willers
2 May 2012
“And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain ” . Shakespeare
Synopsis:
Breathing has a primary pacemaker associated with microglial and astrocyte bodies in the root ganglions of the spine near the diaphragm . This can be modified by input from the brain
Discussion:
Please don’t try anything discussed here without qualified supervision .
1.The abdominal diaphragm controls breathing , especially the BreakPoint , where inhalation becomes involuntary . See “ScientificAmerican” Apr 2012 p65 “The limits of breath holding”
2.There is a Primary Pacemaker for breathing (12/min for humans) that directly times the diaphragm contraction . This is associated with microglial and astrocyte bodies in the root ganglions of the spine near the diaphragm . See Appendix I below for a neuropathy with a similar system . This pacemaker is designated as a chakra by Eastern systems .
3.From evolutionary reasons , the Breathing System would have evolved first , and was later adapted to monitor repetitive stress or pain systems and replace them , freeing up the primary nervous system . It was evolved to take enormous damage and still keep functioning .
4.It acts like a subsidiary amygdala , with it’s own memory of threats and responses . Anti-depressants (especially in the mother) would seem to be contra-indicated until more is known
5.SIDS
It would be sensitive to the same factors causing Peripheral Neuropathy , especially in infants . Acrylamide should be avoided . (A possible cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome , where the infant just stops breathing) .
6.Now , How to Hold Your Breath .
6.1The system will not allow overriding of Reserves (1/3) , as discussed previously ad nauseam .
6.2Increase reserves by lowering metabolism . MSM , followed by a whiff of H2S should decrease metabolic rates (see Hibernation posts) , and prepare these very old microglial and astrocyte systems for a drastic slowdown (amygdala lessening-of-threat reponse)
6.3Some beta-blockers , especially propranolol would have a synergistic effect .
6.4A fairly large dose of fast melatonin (6 to 9 mg) would pulse-release orexins , leading to a drastic metabolic slowdown , affecting the estimate of oxygen reserve needed .
6.5Capsaicums : rubbing capsaicums into the vertebra at the critical spinal nerve junctions (chakra) will amount to what we would call a “denial of service” attack . The pacemaker still functions , but the signal is only transmitted say 1 in2 or 1 in 3 times normal . A severe slowdown (This is why capsaicums evolved as a poison)
6.6Alcohol : This will suppress breathing amygdala threat response in moderate doses , but too much and you will stop breathing (Sudden Stupid Infant Death Syndrome-SSIDS)
6.7Electronic means
See www.apstherapy.com and http://andreswhy.blogspot.com posts on neuropathy and diabetes .
It works for Diabetic Neuropathy (see posts) , but monkeying around the breathing chakra requires some care .
6.8 !Click
Click languages can play a role . See Chi systems and Click posts .
The aim here is to enable you to hold your breath for longer without excessive sense of strain or exercise of willpower .
Why ?
Sports , of course .
See Prof Tim Noakes on the 1/3 reserve withholding . Or just sprinting faster (anaerobic) . A human should be able to run the 100 m in about 6 seconds using techniques like this .
Or swim 1/3 faster . Or just last longer .
Will human systems evolve with this ? Look for very specific prions in East Africa (long distance cursorial raptors – pay attention to !click ditties).
Supervision Required !
These techniques (or combinations of them) actually work , but a permanent state of holding-your-breath might result . Please use qualified supervision .
Each breath should be a pleasure .
Andre
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Appendix I
Peripheral Neuropathy .
Andre Willers
18 Dec 2009
Synopsis :
Chronic neuropathy results from the inability to activate the "Off" switch in microglial and astrocyte bodies in the dorsal root ganglion .
See Scientific American Nov 2009 p 33 .
Discussion .
These bodies monitor the frequencies of pulses of neurotransmitters from the neuron . If there is neural damage (like with acrylamide cf) , they detect this and increase the sensitivity of the neurons , while also releasing cytokines and some interleukins for repairs . (ie inflammatory response .)
The "Off"-switch for these systems could do with some redesign .
The off-switch is related to the percussive frequency of the heartbeat . And this has harmonics with the length of the spine . And this changes with posture .
The percussion changes the densities of fluid inside the dorsal ganglion , influencing the pulses of neurotransmitters . Note that microglia are responsible for re-uptake of neurotransmitters . Cf prozac. Cf yoga .
If they kick in , fewer neurotransmitters are recycled . Boosting the signal .
If the heartbeat returns to normal , fine .
But , stress .
The kicker is the length of the spine .
This changes the resonances inside the dorsal root ganglion . The microglia and astrocytes do not switch off . Neural sensitivity is enhanced , and typical peripheral neuropathy symptoms ensue .
Like when you lie down to sleep .
What to do .
1."Put a bolster under the bum , mum ."
Compress the spine mildly by putting a cushion under the bum , while having high cushions for the upper torso . This enables the off-switch .
This actually works . (like sitting in small gravity)
2.Click
Percussions , either by mouth , or mechanical , can modify synapse responses .
Cf all those relaxing massages .
Some skill needed .
3.Retrain the system .
Even more skill needed .
A note on the Gate-theory of Pain .
Using something like capsaicum is a very short-term solution . From the argument above , the system will habituate as the microglials and astrocytes compensate for the storm of incoming signals .
Ditto for more powerful pain stillers .
Some intriguing speculations:
1.Phantom limb pain .
Try compressing the limb in imagination . The chronic pain switches should then at least have a chance of switching off .
Do it even with existing limbs .
2.Alcohol .
The energy systems powering the microglials have the same imperatives as the rest of the mitochondria : alcohol has to be metabolized first .
A prolonged pulse of alcohol then causes an absence of pain . The pulses simply do not happen , and upstream consequences in the amygdala does not occur .
This causes an interrupt/reset in the microglial system . Which is why it so popular with humans .
The microglial system is the memory of pain . A little bit is good , but too much leads to learned helplessness and catatonia .
And the off-switch is interrupted by lying down .
Delicious !
Shaken or stirred .
Andre .
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Andre Willers
2 May 2012
“And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain ” . Shakespeare
Synopsis:
Breathing has a primary pacemaker associated with microglial and astrocyte bodies in the root ganglions of the spine near the diaphragm . This can be modified by input from the brain
Discussion:
Please don’t try anything discussed here without qualified supervision .
1.The abdominal diaphragm controls breathing , especially the BreakPoint , where inhalation becomes involuntary . See “ScientificAmerican” Apr 2012 p65 “The limits of breath holding”
2.There is a Primary Pacemaker for breathing (12/min for humans) that directly times the diaphragm contraction . This is associated with microglial and astrocyte bodies in the root ganglions of the spine near the diaphragm . See Appendix I below for a neuropathy with a similar system . This pacemaker is designated as a chakra by Eastern systems .
3.From evolutionary reasons , the Breathing System would have evolved first , and was later adapted to monitor repetitive stress or pain systems and replace them , freeing up the primary nervous system . It was evolved to take enormous damage and still keep functioning .
4.It acts like a subsidiary amygdala , with it’s own memory of threats and responses . Anti-depressants (especially in the mother) would seem to be contra-indicated until more is known
5.SIDS
It would be sensitive to the same factors causing Peripheral Neuropathy , especially in infants . Acrylamide should be avoided . (A possible cause of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome , where the infant just stops breathing) .
6.Now , How to Hold Your Breath .
6.1The system will not allow overriding of Reserves (1/3) , as discussed previously ad nauseam .
6.2Increase reserves by lowering metabolism . MSM , followed by a whiff of H2S should decrease metabolic rates (see Hibernation posts) , and prepare these very old microglial and astrocyte systems for a drastic slowdown (amygdala lessening-of-threat reponse)
6.3Some beta-blockers , especially propranolol would have a synergistic effect .
6.4A fairly large dose of fast melatonin (6 to 9 mg) would pulse-release orexins , leading to a drastic metabolic slowdown , affecting the estimate of oxygen reserve needed .
6.5Capsaicums : rubbing capsaicums into the vertebra at the critical spinal nerve junctions (chakra) will amount to what we would call a “denial of service” attack . The pacemaker still functions , but the signal is only transmitted say 1 in2 or 1 in 3 times normal . A severe slowdown (This is why capsaicums evolved as a poison)
6.6Alcohol : This will suppress breathing amygdala threat response in moderate doses , but too much and you will stop breathing (Sudden Stupid Infant Death Syndrome-SSIDS)
6.7Electronic means
See www.apstherapy.com and http://andreswhy.blogspot.com posts on neuropathy and diabetes .
It works for Diabetic Neuropathy (see posts) , but monkeying around the breathing chakra requires some care .
6.8 !Click
Click languages can play a role . See Chi systems and Click posts .
The aim here is to enable you to hold your breath for longer without excessive sense of strain or exercise of willpower .
Why ?
Sports , of course .
See Prof Tim Noakes on the 1/3 reserve withholding . Or just sprinting faster (anaerobic) . A human should be able to run the 100 m in about 6 seconds using techniques like this .
Or swim 1/3 faster . Or just last longer .
Will human systems evolve with this ? Look for very specific prions in East Africa (long distance cursorial raptors – pay attention to !click ditties).
Supervision Required !
These techniques (or combinations of them) actually work , but a permanent state of holding-your-breath might result . Please use qualified supervision .
Each breath should be a pleasure .
Andre
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Appendix I
Peripheral Neuropathy .
Andre Willers
18 Dec 2009
Synopsis :
Chronic neuropathy results from the inability to activate the "Off" switch in microglial and astrocyte bodies in the dorsal root ganglion .
See Scientific American Nov 2009 p 33 .
Discussion .
These bodies monitor the frequencies of pulses of neurotransmitters from the neuron . If there is neural damage (like with acrylamide cf) , they detect this and increase the sensitivity of the neurons , while also releasing cytokines and some interleukins for repairs . (ie inflammatory response .)
The "Off"-switch for these systems could do with some redesign .
The off-switch is related to the percussive frequency of the heartbeat . And this has harmonics with the length of the spine . And this changes with posture .
The percussion changes the densities of fluid inside the dorsal ganglion , influencing the pulses of neurotransmitters . Note that microglia are responsible for re-uptake of neurotransmitters . Cf prozac. Cf yoga .
If they kick in , fewer neurotransmitters are recycled . Boosting the signal .
If the heartbeat returns to normal , fine .
But , stress .
The kicker is the length of the spine .
This changes the resonances inside the dorsal root ganglion . The microglia and astrocytes do not switch off . Neural sensitivity is enhanced , and typical peripheral neuropathy symptoms ensue .
Like when you lie down to sleep .
What to do .
1."Put a bolster under the bum , mum ."
Compress the spine mildly by putting a cushion under the bum , while having high cushions for the upper torso . This enables the off-switch .
This actually works . (like sitting in small gravity)
2.Click
Percussions , either by mouth , or mechanical , can modify synapse responses .
Cf all those relaxing massages .
Some skill needed .
3.Retrain the system .
Even more skill needed .
A note on the Gate-theory of Pain .
Using something like capsaicum is a very short-term solution . From the argument above , the system will habituate as the microglials and astrocytes compensate for the storm of incoming signals .
Ditto for more powerful pain stillers .
Some intriguing speculations:
1.Phantom limb pain .
Try compressing the limb in imagination . The chronic pain switches should then at least have a chance of switching off .
Do it even with existing limbs .
2.Alcohol .
The energy systems powering the microglials have the same imperatives as the rest of the mitochondria : alcohol has to be metabolized first .
A prolonged pulse of alcohol then causes an absence of pain . The pulses simply do not happen , and upstream consequences in the amygdala does not occur .
This causes an interrupt/reset in the microglial system . Which is why it so popular with humans .
The microglial system is the memory of pain . A little bit is good , but too much leads to learned helplessness and catatonia .
And the off-switch is interrupted by lying down .
Delicious !
Shaken or stirred .
Andre .
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Monday, April 30, 2012
Persisters
Persisters
Andre Willers
30 Apr 2012
“Teach an old dog new tricks”
Synopsis:
Some organisms , notably bacteria and fungi , duck into the hibernation bunker when things get tough . They use some very old evolutionary machinery and quorum systems . These can be manipulated .
Discussion:
1.What are persisters ?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidrug_tolerance
“Multidrug tolerance or antibiotic tolerance is the ability of a disease-causing microorganism to resist killing by antibiotics or other antimicrobials. It is mechanistically distinct from multidrug resistance:[1] It is not caused by mutant microbes, but rather by microbial cells that exist in a transient, dormant, non-dividing state. Microorganisms that display multidrug tolerance can be bacteria, fungi or parasites.”
“Relevance to chronic infections
Multidrug tolerance is caused by a small subpopulation of microbial cells termed persisters.[2] Persisters are not mutants, but rather are dormant cells that can survive the antimicrobial treatments that kill the majority of their genetically identical siblings. Persister cells have entered a non- or extremely slow-growing physiological state which makes them insensitive (refractory or tolerant) to the action of antimicrobial drugs. When such persisting microbial cells cannot be eliminated by the immune system, they become a reservoir from which recurrence of infection will develop.[3] Indeed, it appears that persister cells are the main cause for relapsing and chronic infections.[1] Chronic infections can affect people of any age, health, or immune status.”
2.Old mechanisms :
See Appendix II below . A survival mechanism for hostile environments .
3.Quorum Ratcheting :
A gene-group evolved not to risk it’s whole population on a single hibernation strategy .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Infinite probes in optimization Jun 2008 and others .
It would ratchet up or down : RatioHibernating = (1/3)^n , where n = 1,2,3,… depending on the environment . Epigenetics and prions will play a role here .
There are two potential intervention points here :
3.1The quorum sensors , but they will probably be heavily protected and buffered .
3.2The period when n changes . The metabolism is then active and things like antibiotics can work . So , timing is then critical . An interesting question would be if each n’th state is a separate gene , or an input into a more general gene . This is very old , so I would guess both , with a single gene being in the majority .
Optimal n :The immune system has co-evolved with this mechanism , and relies on it as a memory of what to guard against . Rather neat , don’t you think ?
So an optimal n for a persistent population of potential pathogens would be 2
4.Interventions that will always work :
4.1Garlic (Allicin) . See Appendix III .
Allicin (freshly crushed garlic oil) will kill bacterial films . Try it on your teeth .
Melatonin as a powerful terminal anti-feedback loop agent might be useful as an adjuvant , but extreme caution is advised . Melatonin will bring Orexins into play . We don’t know enough to predict what will happen .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Fatigue and old age” 25 Apr 2012
4.2A compound called HT61 also punches holes in persistent cells (PLoS One , vol 5 ,e11818) or NewScientist 31 Mar 2012 p31 . Probably a variant of allicin .
4.3 Temperature:
Extensively used commercially . Pasteurization . The bugs are just inactivated , not killed . They go into a persistent state of hibernation .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurization
“Unlike sterilization, pasteurization is not intended to kill all micro-organisms in the food. Instead, it aims to reduce the number of viable pathogens so they are unlikely to cause disease (assuming the pasteurized product is stored as indicated and is consumed before its expiration date). “
In the terms used above , n is dramatically increased . The bugs will reactivate later in increments of n , but the body’s defence systems can handle them easily (unless impaired) .
But note that this is an easy training method for the immune system . Pasteurised food together with a cell-burster like allicin (garlic) or HT61 makes molecular fragments available for dendritic immune cell training .
Intriguing .
(This is not medical advice)
Autoimmune diseases like asthma (known to benefit from raw milk) might be retrained by pasteurised milk with crushed garlic juice , rinsed in the mouth and drunk immediately .
Really gives that old immune system a pair of training wheels ! . At any age .
Happy pedalling !
Andre
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Appendix I
Metabolite-enabled eradication of bacterial persisters by aminoglycosides
• Kyle R. Allison,
• Mark P. Brynildsen
• & James J. Collins
• Affiliations
• Contributions
• Corresponding author
Nature 473, 216–220 (12 May 2011) doi:10.1038/nature10069
Received
22 July 2010
Accepted
24 March 2011
Published online
11 May 2011
Article tools
Bacterial persistence is a state in which a sub-population of dormant cells, or ‘persisters’, tolerates antibiotic treatment1, 2, 3, 4. Bacterial persisters have been implicated in biofilms and in chronic and recurrent infections5, 6, 7. Despite this clinical relevance, there are currently no viable means for eradicating persisters. Here we show that specific metabolic stimuli enable the killing of both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) persisters with aminoglycosides. This potentiation is aminoglycoside-specific, it does not rely on growth resumption and it is effective in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It proceeds by the generation of a proton-motive force which facilitates aminoglycoside uptake. Our results demonstrate that persisters, although dormant, are primed for metabolite uptake, central metabolism and respiration. We show that aminoglycosides can be used in combination with specific metabolites to treat E. coli and S. aureus biofilms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can improve the treatment of chronic infections in a mouse urinary tract infection model. This work establishes a strategy for eradicating bacterial persisters that is based on metabolism, and highlights the importance of the metabolic environment to antibiotic treatment.
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Appendix II
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
Hibernation and Cryogenics
Andre Willers
19 Nov 2008
Discussion :
Jessica Palmer pointed out on the 16th Nov 2008 that the primary problem with cryogenics seems to be in the re-establishment of metabolic processes after un-freezing .
But we have an already existing template for doing exactly that .
Hibernation .
See Appendix A
The evolutionary explanation is that during the transition-phase from methane/sulfur to oxygen atmosphere (circa 1.5 bn years ago) , there was a major advantage in suspending oxygen-driven systems if the organism found itself in a non-oxygen environment . It went into hibernation .
At the same time , alcohol was being excreted as a poison (like oxygen) . The ancestors of mitochondria (who could use low concentrations of oxygen or alcohol ) sought refuge in cells whose cell-walls were resistant (but not impervious) to alcohol transition .
Remember , alcohol is completely soluble in water , but oxygen is not . This difference drove the process . Alcohol concentrations in water could grow large , but oxygen-concentrations could not .
Mitochondria earned their keep by mopping up alcohol first and later converting oxygen to ATP . (The glucose and ketone metabolism came after this) . The ketone metabolism has never been very popular , because of the high loss-rate in excretory products , but has been kept as a third string on the bow . (Utilization of fat and protein-muscle reserves during low-glucose periods. )
Mitochondria thus has an exclusive preference of usage : alcohol , glucose , ketones in that order .
From experimental evidence (see Appendix A) , there is a genetic switch sensitive to the concentration of H2S to bring both the host cell and the mitochondrium to a state where all programmed molecular activity is suspended . (The power is switched off) .
But , of course , random beth(0) molecular activity due to temperature does not cease . Uncontrolled and anaerobic reactions still occur .
Freezing:
We get rid of most anaerobic organisms first .
Lots of sulfur , VitC and alcohol (fermented berries or carbohydrates in the stomach . A low acidity is required in the run-up to hibernation)
Then freeze .
Starting the contraption up again is a bit of a problem .
1. The power-plant :
The mitochondria needs to be primed with their preferred fuel (alcohol)
Oxygen needs to be infused .(Hyperbaric chamber)
2. Garbage disposal
The cellular garbage-disposal systems need to be activated . ATP from the powerplant needs to be allocated to breakdown-product disposal before the ATP is allocated to DNA/RNA production processes .
The garbage-disposal uses mechanisms that use sulfur to create the various vacuoles and ropes (cf mitosis) . Enough sulfur is vital .
Once again , oxygen and alcohol is used . Both are recognized by all systems as poisons to be removed as a first priority . They activate a quite sophisticated garbage-disposal system as H2S concentrations decrease .
3 . Flushing
All that garbage has to flushed away , preferably not through the kidneys or liver .
Use machines .
As H2S concentrations decrease , damage might occur due to PH fluctuations . Acidity (H2SO4 , etc) Buffering would be advisable .
4. Temperature:
Lots of water at 105 to 107 Fahrenheit for mammals , pulsing at pulserate(about 90 cycles per minute .)
This is to activate the chaperone systems and discourage opportunistic viruses .
5. Music
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Music”
Play harmonious music so the vibrations can be felt throughout organism being thawed . This enhances timing-procedures by orders of magnitudes . Emergent order .
(A Beth(0.x) effect . )
The de-hibernization process must have an exact program at molecular level to reboot the cellular metabolism . Precisely what you need after a cryogenic procedure .
But its efficiency (ie your chance of survival) can be boosted by orders of magnitude by using the steps above .
Interesting notes:
1. Do hibernating animals like bears use alcohol-producing cells in their bloodstream to time hibernation? This can be tested .
2. Are there cold-chaperone molecules ? There should be .
3. Hibernation is easy . Nature has done all the hard work . Keeping the mechanism ticking over at a very slow rate enables cellular-garbage clearing for a relatively short period (6-8 months)
4. De-cryogenics is a bit harder , Beth(1) intervention is needed .
5. Alcohol-concentrations : we are talking about 1% to 2% imbibing . About 0.06% inside the cell . Ie , the cell-wall protects by a factor of about 30
6. Pulse-Cryogenics : alternate freezing and hibernation to get a better survival factor . For those who are too stupid to design a zero-entropy system .
Try : Life=negative entropy . Non-life = positive entropy . Design it so the sum is zero .
Andre
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Appendix A
From http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “ Birdflu Update-4” dated 29 Oct 2005
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Suspended Animation (the real thing!)
In 2005, Mark Roth and other scientists from the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle demonstrated that mice can be put into a state of suspended animation by applying a low dosage of hydrogen sulfide (80 ppm H2S) in the air. The breathing rate of the animals sank from 120 to 10 breaths per minute and their temperature fell from 37 °C to 2 °C above ambient temperature (in effect, they had become cold-blooded). The mice survived this procedure for 6 hours and afterwards showed no negative health consequences.
Such a hibernation occurs naturally in many mammals and also in toads, but not in mice. (Mice can fall into a state called clinical torpor when food shortage occurs). If the H2S-induced hibernation can be made to work in humans, it could be useful in the emergency management of severely injured patients, and in the conservation of donated organs.
As mentioned above, hydrogen sulfide binds to cytochrome oxidase and thereby prevents oxygen from binding, which apparently leads to the dramatic slowdown of metabolism. Animals and humans naturally produce some hydrogen sulfide in their body; researchers have proposed that the gas is used to regulate metabolic activity and body temperature, which would explain the above findings
Dosages of H2S:
Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium nitrite, inhalation of pure oxygen, administration of bronchodilators to overcome eventual bronchospasm, and in some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Exposure to lower concentrations can result in eye irritation (because of the high alkality of the SH- anion), a sore throat and cough, shortness of breath, and fluid in the lungs. These symptoms usually go away in a few weeks. Long-term, low-level exposure may result in fatigue, loss of appetite, headaches, irritability, poor memory, and dizziness. Higher concentrations of 700-800 ppm tend to be fatal.
• 0.0047 ppm is the recognition threshold, the concentration at which 50% of humans can detect the characteristic rotten egg odor of hydrogen sulfide [2]
• 10-20 ppm is the borderline concentration for eye irritation.
• 50-100 ppm leads to eye damage.
• At 150-250 ppm the olfactory nerve is paralyzed after a few inhalations, and the sense of smell disappears, often together with awareness of danger,
• 320-530 ppm leads to pulmonary edema with the possibility of death.
• 530-1000 ppm causes strong stimulation of the central nervous system and rapid breathing, leading to loss of breathing;
o 800 ppm is the lethal concentration for 50% of humans for 5 minutes exposition (LC50).
Concentrations over 1000 ppm cause immediate collapse with loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath.
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Appendix III
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
Garlic and the Plant-Herbivore Wars .
Andre Willers
10 Apr 2011
Synopsis:
Garlic (Allicin) is a toxin produced by binary components alliin and enzyme alliinase These are kept in separate pockets , but mix when the plant is damaged (eaten) , producing allicin .
Dicussion :
This is a very old and beautiful mechanism , verging on symbiosis .
Note the presence of Sulfur : it evolved pre-oxygen , and evolved to keep pace .
It originally evolved to zap viruses and other bacteria to give the originators a relative advantage .
In multicellular organisms , it does the same .
Notice that the chemical (Allicin) evolved first , then reversed into the genomes of various organisms because it was so useful .
Allicin remains invariant , and genomes adapt to it .
A sort of "Inverse Prion"
But it is kept in check by various mechanisms :
1.Bad taste and smell and a burning sensation
This limits eating . The burning is sensation is caused by the activation of a separate neural network that evolved to simulate a burning sensation . This evolved into capsaicum receptors in mammals . Birds , reptiles and dinosaurs had equivalents .
Note sensitivity of marine mollusks to anti-fouling paints based on capsaicum-like chemicals .
2.Deactivation of enzyme alliinase if ph<3
This led to gastric acids .
Symbiotic bacteria in the intestines must be kept protected .
Swallowing garlic plants or powders will not work
If you drink coke ,pepsi etc , with your garlic , there will be little health benefit (see Appendix A for acidity of popular drinks)
But too much of a good thing can harm . A swig of acid drink(ph<3) will reset oral bacterial systems after eating garlic . But it must be pulsed at 2 minute intervals .
3.Quick breakdown of allicin at body temperatures :
16 hours at 23 C (from Wiki)
64 hours at 3 C (the fridge) . Throw away supermarket or even frozen minced garlic as far as health effects are concerned .
5.7 hours at 38 C (doubling of chemical activity every 10 C)
Very little allicin makes it through to the small intestines to upset the gut flora .
Cooking :
5 minutes at 100 C . (doubling of chemical activity every 10 C)
There is very little allicin left after 5 minutes of cooking .
The effects of Allicin is then concentrated in the mouth and throat : where the rubber hits the tar . Where any bacteria is an enemy . Kill them all , and let the immune system sort out the remainder .
This works well in pulsed dosages , hence another reason for the rapid breakdown of allicin .
4.Breakdown accellarators :
There is some evidence that there are some other chemicals in garlic that speeds up breakdown of allicin . Presumably binary , as well .
Preservation of allicin :
See http://en.wikipedia.org/allicin
Cutler and Wilson found that an aqueous cream of allicin (0.5 g/L) compared well with 20 g/L of muporicin .
Aqueous cream is essentially an emulsion .
Make your own Allicin Cream :
Spray-on cream from an aerosol can is an emulsion .
Spray it into your bowl , then crush your garlic clove inside the cream emulsion . Hopefully , large enough percentages of the binary components alliin and enzyme alliinase are encapsulated by the lipid foams .
Smear it on , and as the foams evaporate and break down , the components interact .
Voila , allicin .
Dosages and timing will have to be found by experiment .
Be careful and err on the side of caution . 0.5 g/L allocin is kinda small .
An added advantage is that the burning sensation will be much ameliorated (cream is a milk product , which has been found to decrease the burning sensation .)
Smear it on the gums and swirl it (there will be greatly stimulated spit production) . Swallow if necessary . After a prederminate time (start at 2 minutes , then progress in sequence 4 , 8 ,16 , etc) . If discomfort is experienced , swill mouth with coke . Then milk if necessary .
It can be used as a topical cream for anti-fungal and bacteriocidal purposes on the skin.
Do not use it in capsules designed to bypass the stomach , or in suppositories without medical supervision by a really qualified doctor .
This would be like the Terminator loose in LA .
Making pure allicin , alliin and enzyme alliinase
Put clove of garlic in centrifuge test-tube , together with at least 3 balls whose diameter is slightly more than the radius of the test-tube .
Spin .
The relative motions of the balls will crush the garlic , and the centripetal forces will separate the various layers . These can then be tapped individually . But don't loiter too long , as the enzyme at the interface will eventually convert all the aliin into allicin .
Garlic Perles , oils , etc .
These are worthless as far as allicin health benefits are concerned .
These all involve macerating garlic cloves , then dissolving it into an oil .
Reaction between alliin and enzyme alliinase creates allicin . This decays within a matter of hours as set out above . What remains has very little(if any) bio-reactivity
Temperature release :
There might be a temperature release .
An old evolutionary structure would have added the extra "Oomph" of explosive micro-injection of the allicin . Ie an exothermic reaction between alliin and enzyme alliinase .
This gives opportunity of introducing retrovirals , bleach , etc into the teeth and jaw-bones by smearing a minute layer on the tooth , then biting down on the garlic clove (or cream) .
Really, really potent Garlic will blow your socks off !
Bon appetit.
Andre
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Appendix A
Acidity (PH) of some popular drinks .
Diet Mountain Dew 2.95 0.0
Dr. Pepper 2.92 9.64 tsp.
Sprite 2.90 9.29 tsp.
Gatorade (Lemon-Lime) 2.83 5 tsp.
Mountain Dew 2.80 11.07 tsp.
Minute Maid Orange Soda 2.80 11.2 tsp.
Diet Pepsi 2.77 0.0
Diet Coke 2.70 0.0
Powerade 2.63 5.36 tsp.
Pepsi 2.43 9.64 tsp.
Coca-Cola 2.30 9.64 tsp.
Battery Acid (Yikes!) 1.00 (Acidic) 0.0"
"*Acid amounts from the study “Enamel and root surface erosion due to popular U.S. beverages,” 2006. Authors: L. Ehlen, T.A. Marshall, F. Qian, J.J. Warren, J. Wefel, M.M. Hogan, and J.D. Harless. College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City and from University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 2000, Northwest Dentistry Vol 80, No. 2. **4.2 grams = 1 teaspoon."
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Andre Willers
30 Apr 2012
“Teach an old dog new tricks”
Synopsis:
Some organisms , notably bacteria and fungi , duck into the hibernation bunker when things get tough . They use some very old evolutionary machinery and quorum systems . These can be manipulated .
Discussion:
1.What are persisters ?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidrug_tolerance
“Multidrug tolerance or antibiotic tolerance is the ability of a disease-causing microorganism to resist killing by antibiotics or other antimicrobials. It is mechanistically distinct from multidrug resistance:[1] It is not caused by mutant microbes, but rather by microbial cells that exist in a transient, dormant, non-dividing state. Microorganisms that display multidrug tolerance can be bacteria, fungi or parasites.”
“Relevance to chronic infections
Multidrug tolerance is caused by a small subpopulation of microbial cells termed persisters.[2] Persisters are not mutants, but rather are dormant cells that can survive the antimicrobial treatments that kill the majority of their genetically identical siblings. Persister cells have entered a non- or extremely slow-growing physiological state which makes them insensitive (refractory or tolerant) to the action of antimicrobial drugs. When such persisting microbial cells cannot be eliminated by the immune system, they become a reservoir from which recurrence of infection will develop.[3] Indeed, it appears that persister cells are the main cause for relapsing and chronic infections.[1] Chronic infections can affect people of any age, health, or immune status.”
2.Old mechanisms :
See Appendix II below . A survival mechanism for hostile environments .
3.Quorum Ratcheting :
A gene-group evolved not to risk it’s whole population on a single hibernation strategy .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Infinite probes in optimization Jun 2008 and others .
It would ratchet up or down : RatioHibernating = (1/3)^n , where n = 1,2,3,… depending on the environment . Epigenetics and prions will play a role here .
There are two potential intervention points here :
3.1The quorum sensors , but they will probably be heavily protected and buffered .
3.2The period when n changes . The metabolism is then active and things like antibiotics can work . So , timing is then critical . An interesting question would be if each n’th state is a separate gene , or an input into a more general gene . This is very old , so I would guess both , with a single gene being in the majority .
Optimal n :The immune system has co-evolved with this mechanism , and relies on it as a memory of what to guard against . Rather neat , don’t you think ?
So an optimal n for a persistent population of potential pathogens would be 2
4.Interventions that will always work :
4.1Garlic (Allicin) . See Appendix III .
Allicin (freshly crushed garlic oil) will kill bacterial films . Try it on your teeth .
Melatonin as a powerful terminal anti-feedback loop agent might be useful as an adjuvant , but extreme caution is advised . Melatonin will bring Orexins into play . We don’t know enough to predict what will happen .
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Fatigue and old age” 25 Apr 2012
4.2A compound called HT61 also punches holes in persistent cells (PLoS One , vol 5 ,e11818) or NewScientist 31 Mar 2012 p31 . Probably a variant of allicin .
4.3 Temperature:
Extensively used commercially . Pasteurization . The bugs are just inactivated , not killed . They go into a persistent state of hibernation .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasteurization
“Unlike sterilization, pasteurization is not intended to kill all micro-organisms in the food. Instead, it aims to reduce the number of viable pathogens so they are unlikely to cause disease (assuming the pasteurized product is stored as indicated and is consumed before its expiration date). “
In the terms used above , n is dramatically increased . The bugs will reactivate later in increments of n , but the body’s defence systems can handle them easily (unless impaired) .
But note that this is an easy training method for the immune system . Pasteurised food together with a cell-burster like allicin (garlic) or HT61 makes molecular fragments available for dendritic immune cell training .
Intriguing .
(This is not medical advice)
Autoimmune diseases like asthma (known to benefit from raw milk) might be retrained by pasteurised milk with crushed garlic juice , rinsed in the mouth and drunk immediately .
Really gives that old immune system a pair of training wheels ! . At any age .
Happy pedalling !
Andre
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Appendix I
Metabolite-enabled eradication of bacterial persisters by aminoglycosides
• Kyle R. Allison,
• Mark P. Brynildsen
• & James J. Collins
• Affiliations
• Contributions
• Corresponding author
Nature 473, 216–220 (12 May 2011) doi:10.1038/nature10069
Received
22 July 2010
Accepted
24 March 2011
Published online
11 May 2011
Article tools
Bacterial persistence is a state in which a sub-population of dormant cells, or ‘persisters’, tolerates antibiotic treatment1, 2, 3, 4. Bacterial persisters have been implicated in biofilms and in chronic and recurrent infections5, 6, 7. Despite this clinical relevance, there are currently no viable means for eradicating persisters. Here we show that specific metabolic stimuli enable the killing of both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) persisters with aminoglycosides. This potentiation is aminoglycoside-specific, it does not rely on growth resumption and it is effective in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It proceeds by the generation of a proton-motive force which facilitates aminoglycoside uptake. Our results demonstrate that persisters, although dormant, are primed for metabolite uptake, central metabolism and respiration. We show that aminoglycosides can be used in combination with specific metabolites to treat E. coli and S. aureus biofilms. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this approach can improve the treatment of chronic infections in a mouse urinary tract infection model. This work establishes a strategy for eradicating bacterial persisters that is based on metabolism, and highlights the importance of the metabolic environment to antibiotic treatment.
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Appendix II
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
Hibernation and Cryogenics
Andre Willers
19 Nov 2008
Discussion :
Jessica Palmer pointed out on the 16th Nov 2008 that the primary problem with cryogenics seems to be in the re-establishment of metabolic processes after un-freezing .
But we have an already existing template for doing exactly that .
Hibernation .
See Appendix A
The evolutionary explanation is that during the transition-phase from methane/sulfur to oxygen atmosphere (circa 1.5 bn years ago) , there was a major advantage in suspending oxygen-driven systems if the organism found itself in a non-oxygen environment . It went into hibernation .
At the same time , alcohol was being excreted as a poison (like oxygen) . The ancestors of mitochondria (who could use low concentrations of oxygen or alcohol ) sought refuge in cells whose cell-walls were resistant (but not impervious) to alcohol transition .
Remember , alcohol is completely soluble in water , but oxygen is not . This difference drove the process . Alcohol concentrations in water could grow large , but oxygen-concentrations could not .
Mitochondria earned their keep by mopping up alcohol first and later converting oxygen to ATP . (The glucose and ketone metabolism came after this) . The ketone metabolism has never been very popular , because of the high loss-rate in excretory products , but has been kept as a third string on the bow . (Utilization of fat and protein-muscle reserves during low-glucose periods. )
Mitochondria thus has an exclusive preference of usage : alcohol , glucose , ketones in that order .
From experimental evidence (see Appendix A) , there is a genetic switch sensitive to the concentration of H2S to bring both the host cell and the mitochondrium to a state where all programmed molecular activity is suspended . (The power is switched off) .
But , of course , random beth(0) molecular activity due to temperature does not cease . Uncontrolled and anaerobic reactions still occur .
Freezing:
We get rid of most anaerobic organisms first .
Lots of sulfur , VitC and alcohol (fermented berries or carbohydrates in the stomach . A low acidity is required in the run-up to hibernation)
Then freeze .
Starting the contraption up again is a bit of a problem .
1. The power-plant :
The mitochondria needs to be primed with their preferred fuel (alcohol)
Oxygen needs to be infused .(Hyperbaric chamber)
2. Garbage disposal
The cellular garbage-disposal systems need to be activated . ATP from the powerplant needs to be allocated to breakdown-product disposal before the ATP is allocated to DNA/RNA production processes .
The garbage-disposal uses mechanisms that use sulfur to create the various vacuoles and ropes (cf mitosis) . Enough sulfur is vital .
Once again , oxygen and alcohol is used . Both are recognized by all systems as poisons to be removed as a first priority . They activate a quite sophisticated garbage-disposal system as H2S concentrations decrease .
3 . Flushing
All that garbage has to flushed away , preferably not through the kidneys or liver .
Use machines .
As H2S concentrations decrease , damage might occur due to PH fluctuations . Acidity (H2SO4 , etc) Buffering would be advisable .
4. Temperature:
Lots of water at 105 to 107 Fahrenheit for mammals , pulsing at pulserate(about 90 cycles per minute .)
This is to activate the chaperone systems and discourage opportunistic viruses .
5. Music
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Music”
Play harmonious music so the vibrations can be felt throughout organism being thawed . This enhances timing-procedures by orders of magnitudes . Emergent order .
(A Beth(0.x) effect . )
The de-hibernization process must have an exact program at molecular level to reboot the cellular metabolism . Precisely what you need after a cryogenic procedure .
But its efficiency (ie your chance of survival) can be boosted by orders of magnitude by using the steps above .
Interesting notes:
1. Do hibernating animals like bears use alcohol-producing cells in their bloodstream to time hibernation? This can be tested .
2. Are there cold-chaperone molecules ? There should be .
3. Hibernation is easy . Nature has done all the hard work . Keeping the mechanism ticking over at a very slow rate enables cellular-garbage clearing for a relatively short period (6-8 months)
4. De-cryogenics is a bit harder , Beth(1) intervention is needed .
5. Alcohol-concentrations : we are talking about 1% to 2% imbibing . About 0.06% inside the cell . Ie , the cell-wall protects by a factor of about 30
6. Pulse-Cryogenics : alternate freezing and hibernation to get a better survival factor . For those who are too stupid to design a zero-entropy system .
Try : Life=negative entropy . Non-life = positive entropy . Design it so the sum is zero .
Andre
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Appendix A
From http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “ Birdflu Update-4” dated 29 Oct 2005
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Suspended Animation (the real thing!)
In 2005, Mark Roth and other scientists from the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle demonstrated that mice can be put into a state of suspended animation by applying a low dosage of hydrogen sulfide (80 ppm H2S) in the air. The breathing rate of the animals sank from 120 to 10 breaths per minute and their temperature fell from 37 °C to 2 °C above ambient temperature (in effect, they had become cold-blooded). The mice survived this procedure for 6 hours and afterwards showed no negative health consequences.
Such a hibernation occurs naturally in many mammals and also in toads, but not in mice. (Mice can fall into a state called clinical torpor when food shortage occurs). If the H2S-induced hibernation can be made to work in humans, it could be useful in the emergency management of severely injured patients, and in the conservation of donated organs.
As mentioned above, hydrogen sulfide binds to cytochrome oxidase and thereby prevents oxygen from binding, which apparently leads to the dramatic slowdown of metabolism. Animals and humans naturally produce some hydrogen sulfide in their body; researchers have proposed that the gas is used to regulate metabolic activity and body temperature, which would explain the above findings
Dosages of H2S:
Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium nitrite, inhalation of pure oxygen, administration of bronchodilators to overcome eventual bronchospasm, and in some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Exposure to lower concentrations can result in eye irritation (because of the high alkality of the SH- anion), a sore throat and cough, shortness of breath, and fluid in the lungs. These symptoms usually go away in a few weeks. Long-term, low-level exposure may result in fatigue, loss of appetite, headaches, irritability, poor memory, and dizziness. Higher concentrations of 700-800 ppm tend to be fatal.
• 0.0047 ppm is the recognition threshold, the concentration at which 50% of humans can detect the characteristic rotten egg odor of hydrogen sulfide [2]
• 10-20 ppm is the borderline concentration for eye irritation.
• 50-100 ppm leads to eye damage.
• At 150-250 ppm the olfactory nerve is paralyzed after a few inhalations, and the sense of smell disappears, often together with awareness of danger,
• 320-530 ppm leads to pulmonary edema with the possibility of death.
• 530-1000 ppm causes strong stimulation of the central nervous system and rapid breathing, leading to loss of breathing;
o 800 ppm is the lethal concentration for 50% of humans for 5 minutes exposition (LC50).
Concentrations over 1000 ppm cause immediate collapse with loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath.
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Appendix III
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com
Garlic and the Plant-Herbivore Wars .
Andre Willers
10 Apr 2011
Synopsis:
Garlic (Allicin) is a toxin produced by binary components alliin and enzyme alliinase These are kept in separate pockets , but mix when the plant is damaged (eaten) , producing allicin .
Dicussion :
This is a very old and beautiful mechanism , verging on symbiosis .
Note the presence of Sulfur : it evolved pre-oxygen , and evolved to keep pace .
It originally evolved to zap viruses and other bacteria to give the originators a relative advantage .
In multicellular organisms , it does the same .
Notice that the chemical (Allicin) evolved first , then reversed into the genomes of various organisms because it was so useful .
Allicin remains invariant , and genomes adapt to it .
A sort of "Inverse Prion"
But it is kept in check by various mechanisms :
1.Bad taste and smell and a burning sensation
This limits eating . The burning is sensation is caused by the activation of a separate neural network that evolved to simulate a burning sensation . This evolved into capsaicum receptors in mammals . Birds , reptiles and dinosaurs had equivalents .
Note sensitivity of marine mollusks to anti-fouling paints based on capsaicum-like chemicals .
2.Deactivation of enzyme alliinase if ph<3
This led to gastric acids .
Symbiotic bacteria in the intestines must be kept protected .
Swallowing garlic plants or powders will not work
If you drink coke ,pepsi etc , with your garlic , there will be little health benefit (see Appendix A for acidity of popular drinks)
But too much of a good thing can harm . A swig of acid drink(ph<3) will reset oral bacterial systems after eating garlic . But it must be pulsed at 2 minute intervals .
3.Quick breakdown of allicin at body temperatures :
16 hours at 23 C (from Wiki)
64 hours at 3 C (the fridge) . Throw away supermarket or even frozen minced garlic as far as health effects are concerned .
5.7 hours at 38 C (doubling of chemical activity every 10 C)
Very little allicin makes it through to the small intestines to upset the gut flora .
Cooking :
5 minutes at 100 C . (doubling of chemical activity every 10 C)
There is very little allicin left after 5 minutes of cooking .
The effects of Allicin is then concentrated in the mouth and throat : where the rubber hits the tar . Where any bacteria is an enemy . Kill them all , and let the immune system sort out the remainder .
This works well in pulsed dosages , hence another reason for the rapid breakdown of allicin .
4.Breakdown accellarators :
There is some evidence that there are some other chemicals in garlic that speeds up breakdown of allicin . Presumably binary , as well .
Preservation of allicin :
See http://en.wikipedia.org/allicin
Cutler and Wilson found that an aqueous cream of allicin (0.5 g/L) compared well with 20 g/L of muporicin .
Aqueous cream is essentially an emulsion .
Make your own Allicin Cream :
Spray-on cream from an aerosol can is an emulsion .
Spray it into your bowl , then crush your garlic clove inside the cream emulsion . Hopefully , large enough percentages of the binary components alliin and enzyme alliinase are encapsulated by the lipid foams .
Smear it on , and as the foams evaporate and break down , the components interact .
Voila , allicin .
Dosages and timing will have to be found by experiment .
Be careful and err on the side of caution . 0.5 g/L allocin is kinda small .
An added advantage is that the burning sensation will be much ameliorated (cream is a milk product , which has been found to decrease the burning sensation .)
Smear it on the gums and swirl it (there will be greatly stimulated spit production) . Swallow if necessary . After a prederminate time (start at 2 minutes , then progress in sequence 4 , 8 ,16 , etc) . If discomfort is experienced , swill mouth with coke . Then milk if necessary .
It can be used as a topical cream for anti-fungal and bacteriocidal purposes on the skin.
Do not use it in capsules designed to bypass the stomach , or in suppositories without medical supervision by a really qualified doctor .
This would be like the Terminator loose in LA .
Making pure allicin , alliin and enzyme alliinase
Put clove of garlic in centrifuge test-tube , together with at least 3 balls whose diameter is slightly more than the radius of the test-tube .
Spin .
The relative motions of the balls will crush the garlic , and the centripetal forces will separate the various layers . These can then be tapped individually . But don't loiter too long , as the enzyme at the interface will eventually convert all the aliin into allicin .
Garlic Perles , oils , etc .
These are worthless as far as allicin health benefits are concerned .
These all involve macerating garlic cloves , then dissolving it into an oil .
Reaction between alliin and enzyme alliinase creates allicin . This decays within a matter of hours as set out above . What remains has very little(if any) bio-reactivity
Temperature release :
There might be a temperature release .
An old evolutionary structure would have added the extra "Oomph" of explosive micro-injection of the allicin . Ie an exothermic reaction between alliin and enzyme alliinase .
This gives opportunity of introducing retrovirals , bleach , etc into the teeth and jaw-bones by smearing a minute layer on the tooth , then biting down on the garlic clove (or cream) .
Really, really potent Garlic will blow your socks off !
Bon appetit.
Andre
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Appendix A
Acidity (PH) of some popular drinks .
Diet Mountain Dew 2.95 0.0
Dr. Pepper 2.92 9.64 tsp.
Sprite 2.90 9.29 tsp.
Gatorade (Lemon-Lime) 2.83 5 tsp.
Mountain Dew 2.80 11.07 tsp.
Minute Maid Orange Soda 2.80 11.2 tsp.
Diet Pepsi 2.77 0.0
Diet Coke 2.70 0.0
Powerade 2.63 5.36 tsp.
Pepsi 2.43 9.64 tsp.
Coca-Cola 2.30 9.64 tsp.
Battery Acid (Yikes!) 1.00 (Acidic) 0.0"
"*Acid amounts from the study “Enamel and root surface erosion due to popular U.S. beverages,” 2006. Authors: L. Ehlen, T.A. Marshall, F. Qian, J.J. Warren, J. Wefel, M.M. Hogan, and J.D. Harless. College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City and from University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, 2000, Northwest Dentistry Vol 80, No. 2. **4.2 grams = 1 teaspoon."
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Fatigue and old age
Fatigue and Old Age
Andre Willers
23 Apr 2012
“Too tired to keep on living , too scared to die” : Old Man River
Synopsis :
Fatigue , old age and fertility are related via quorum mechanisms , using telomeres and prions . We try to find a logical pathway connecting them .
Discussion :
1.Fatigue :
Prof Tim Noakes , a foremost sports scientist (see “Challenging beliefs” , (ISBN 978 1 77022 459 9) 2012 edition) p 328 et al) found that “my brain always wanted me to quit when I had covered about 66 percent of the race distance . I gather that this is not an uncommon response.”
Now see http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Infinite Probes in Optimization” Jan 2008 and others around then . Repeated in Appendix I for your ease .
Note the arguments about Reserves . In general systems have evolved to keep a reserve of 33 percent . Hence the finding of Noakes . (This result is found everywhere in old evolutionary systems) .
The interesting question : how does the brain-body system “know” at a deep level what the requirements will be ? Noakes gives a strong indication : “What I do know is that since understanding the nature of these regulatory processes in the central governor , I no longer suffer from this specific symptom to quit either in training or racing . Others report the same .”
In other words , there exists a mechanism that releases the Reserve .It is tempting to think that this is a brain thing , but we find it in all undomesticated animals . Note that domesticated horses will run until they die . The Reserve switch has been bred into a permanent “off” position . A definite genetic mechanism exists , associated with aggression and startle-responses .
This points to the amygdala , a notoriously stupid system . It will treat any startlement as a signal to hoard reserves . (Ie if your heart sinks at the thought of a 100 km race , you will experience extreme fatigue after 66 km , even if you are driving a car .)
But how does it work ?
Somewhere along the line neuronal signals have to be translated into chemical signals that the cells and mitochondria understand . Luckily , we have a very good candidate in the Orexin class of neurotransmitters , manufactured in the hypothalamus .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orexin
“Orexin, also called hypocretin, is a neurotransmitter that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite.[1] The most common form of narcolepsy, in which the sufferer briefly loses muscle tone (cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells that produce it.[2]
The brain contains very few cells that produce orexin: in a human brain, about 10,000 to 20,000 neurons[2] in thehypothalamus.[1] However, the axons from these neurons extend throughout the entire brain and spinal cord,[3] where there are also receptors for orexin.”
There is an intimate connection with Melatonin . See Appendix II below .
Briefly , Orexins excite feedback loops , and Melatonin as the ultimate Enforcer curtail these feedbacks .
But in a living , evolutionary organism it does not stay as simple as that .
Examples:
1.An athlete training with low dosages of melatonin will have a significant advantage if he stops using them before the big race. (A pulse of orexins will result)
2.Orexin suppressants should be used sparingly , as there will be a synergistic reaction with normal melatonin cycles .
Still , melatonin remains a useful intervention .
What has this to do with Old Age and Fertility ?
Basically , epigenic and prion mechanisms are have evolved to limit the fertility and longevity of populations . The quorum system , adapted from bacteria , is used extensively .
See Appendix III below for the Fertility Epidemic .
Old age Epidemic :
A prion disrupts the ribosome read from the histone that codes for telomere regeneration . This would be related to the fertility plague prion . We would expect that the fertility plague prion would interfere with the Old Age prion . Thus , from 1704 AD onwards , infected individuals would live longer .
Essentially , from a biochemical viewpoint , the organism just becomes too tired to keep on living .
Interesting asides :
1.Fleming Effect .
We would expect infected humans to become smarter , as neuron-pruning would decrease.
( The pruning mechanism works on the same principles.)
2.Autoimmune diseases and cancers would increase for the same reason . Aberrancies also live longer . Nothing to do with the environment .
3.Diabetes II : very probably a prion disease . Hence it’s epidemiological aspects . Look at the histone coding for orexins .If it is so , an antibody can be manufactured to eliminate Diabetes II causing prions . Not an immediate cure , but a cure as long as you take the antibody . Like gout . (Sigh . The pharma’s will love this .)
“Awake! The spear of Dawn puts the stars to flight! “ Omar Khayam
Andre
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Appendix I
Infinite Probes in Optimization .
Andre Willers
5 Jan 2008
Definitions:
n! = n*(n-1)*(n-2)*(n-3)*…*1
The Euclidean Constant e .
e = (1/1! + 1/2! + 1/3!+ 1/4!… )
=2.178…
I will make it as simple as possible using costs and temporal sequences as examples .
Assume that the elements of a system are identifiable and repetitive .
The rules of Arithmetic can then be applied .
Take any such system . By definition it can then be subdivided indefinitely . Each subdivision of r elements can have r! possible permutations (or states) .
Let there be a CostReserve to cover unknown costs in the failure of any element in a group .
Key Assumption
Let at least one element of each r be Aristotelian False (ie a failure cost item)
The Total cost of failure will be the sum of the cost of failures of the elements.
(ReserveCost) *( (1/1! + 1/2! + 1/3!+ 1/4!… ))= (TotalCost)
Your Reserve times the sum of individual failures = total
This defines the boundary .
This is the optimization equation .
This is equal to
ReserveCost / TotalCost = 1/e ~ 0.37
This means that you should not consider an endeavour where the rate of return is less than 37% . This is the long-term break-even point from a probabilistic viewpoint .
This equation is independent of space or time .
Any society (any at all ) that does not deliver 37%+ returns gets zapped by the chaotic downturns .
Since vested interests always decrease rates of returns , empires rise and fall .
The probe can be used in any infinite series , but care has to be taken to define the terms .
An Interesting corollary :
The alert reader would have noticed that the above is true for when there is always at least one false item per group .
What if there is at least one true item per group ? This is approached as follows:
In trading systems , individual items can be identified . The cost of failure in an individual item is then = 1/ (r!/r) = 1/ (r-1)!
The summation is then
(ReserveCost/Item)*(1*1/1! + 2*1/2! + 3*1/3!+ 4*1/4!… ))= (TotalCost)
(ReserveCost/Item)*(1 + 1 + 1/2!+ 1/3!… ))= (TotalCost)
(ReserveCost/Item) / (TotalCost) = 1/(1+e) ~ 0.27
As can be seen , trading systems will survive the collapse of empires . There is a whole 10% difference favouring traders . Recovery systems will then also favor traders .
This is the underlying reason why Stalinistic Communism failed and Chinese went trader . The VOC and East India Co . are good examples .
Ten percent is just too much .
Ho-ho-ho !
The average between 0.37 and 0.27 is roughly 0.33 . A third .Can you see where this is relevant in any infinite situation where uncertainty rules?
Non-Failure Ratio
A non-failure ratio of (1- 1/3) ~2/3 summated over infinity = (2/3) / (1-2/3) =2 .
This means that any system that can be described or broken up into smaller groups is strongly ordered . Successful subgroups survive by a factor of 2 . This is built into the mathematics of the Universe . Life is one such sub-group , so are particles ,etc . Negative entropy is the rule . Life is everywhere . Positive entropy only holds in the most primitive and earliest systems .
Beautiful!
Quantum and non-quantum systems are the same .
Singularity Points.
27% and 37% are singularity points , as are (100-27)=63% and 53% . SocioEconomic systems destabilize at these points . Regardless whether they are human , alien , japanese , chinese or any other sort of ese .
Any society where more than a third of productive enterprise is spent without engendering new wealth creation is doomed .
Tax rates of more than 27% reduce trade . Tax rates between 27% and 37% will let it limp along . Tax rates over 37% is a disaster waiting to happen . It is that simple , and no amount of pontificating will change the realities of economics .
The tax rate anchored between 0% and 27% will follow a catenary . The optimal will be halfway (12.5%) . This would be the optimal VAT rate . Note that deviations from this (up or down) leads to social unrest . The unrest is not linear , but catenary . In other words , it gets rapidly worse as it approaches the anchor points of 0 or 27 % . This is true of any civilization , human or alien . It is inherent in the mathematics .
These are absolute rates , not relative .
The RepoRate .
The tax on new money . If the reporate plus profits stay away from the singularity points (27% , 37%) there is no problem.
What about undefined realities ? Refer to
http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Topos:
Note in the definitions above , that as groups are divided by n , and n->infinity , the system approaches undefined “thingies” . Hence , it can be used as a probe into undefined realms .
Marriage:
An interesting corollary is optimizing pairings of two . The theory above says that random pairing will lead to a failure rate of 37% . Observation seems to bear this out .
To optimize : Note and keep track the best features of the first 37/100 daters , then seriously consider the first anybody after that who equals or better the standards of the first 37
This optimizes your chances .
This result has been independently reached in games theory
Note that your body is independently doing this sort of infinite analysis . Hence speed dating , cocktail parties , mingling , etc .
A good algorithm is to speed date at least 50 persons . Do not do this if you cannot handle rejection , since this concentrates years of normal rejection into a few weeks .
A therapeutic mechanism? Sects use this whipsaw mechanism of rejection (by the outside world) and warm acceptance by the sect to create mini-societies .
Hence cold-canvassing . Rejection binds them closer . Any converts are a bonus . Most real converts are made by on-on-one contact .
But that is also the definition of most successful families .
If you are stupid and ugly , and can handle speed dating , you are a better man than I am , Human .
Virtual speed dating .
Analogous to cures for fear of heights , fear of confined spaces , etc . Considerable success has been achieved in reprogramming the amygdala for these and related phobias using virtual reality .
A Virtual Rejection website will make money .
That’s OK if somebody learns from it .
Another way for actresses or avatars to make money .
“I was rejected 1000 times by Lara”
“Balls rejected by Lara TombRaider as not dusty enough.”
The mind boggles .
Andre
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix II
Melatonin and Dinosaurs .
Andre Willers
14 Jun 2011
"Sleep that knits up the ravell'd sleave of care " Shakespeare
Synopsis :
Melatonin ended up in various evolutionary roles because of it's powerful , terminal antioxidant effect . Many neurotransmitters (especially NO classes) can be seen as free radicals . (See Appendix A)
Melatonin is Nature's Terminator . (See Appendix C)
Discussion:
A handy Terminator got roped into being the Enforcer for various feedback systems that had to be kept from repeating .
Examples :
1.Cancers (eg breast , prostate cancers)
Interruption of signaling molecules .
2.Circadian rhythms of the brain (sleep)
Dismantling runaway feedback systems before they corrupt long-term memory irreparably (sense of self) See Appendix C
3.Gut rhythms :
A separate system Melatonin excretion by various cells and bacteria .
4.Bile :
Funnily enough , a separate system . Why ?
Tied to the energy system and things like diabetes .
5.Mitochondria :
A sophisticated auto-governor on rates of activity relative to intra-cell position .
Really simple . Really cool . (Think a steam engine's governor) See Appendix B.
6.Skin
As expected , such a powerful terminal antioxidant will also be on the ramparts against foreign invaders (like in the gut)
7 Immune system
Basically a memory system , with potentially unlimited feedback .
Melatonin will terminate this as well , especially in localized , concentrated doses .
But note the correlation between blue-light and HIV .
Very high-intensity pulses of blue light (484 nanometers) or UV should disable the HIV virus .
Contradictions :
This is only seven usages .There are probably more . The same concentrations of melatonin cannot serve all .
Hence , melatonin receptors evolved to meter and control cellular responses .
As well as dopsin receptors in the visual systems .
Loss of UV Dopsins
About 100 MYA for mammals . Remnants (melanopsins) are still responsible for nervous system entrainment , but some biological adaptability (ie getting melatonin from diet) was lost .
It also means that humans are especially vulnerable to depression of melatonin production by light in the Blue Wavelengths (484 nanometers) . CFL and LED lights .
This means that you should only use blue lights if you want to be alert . The effect is very strong (about 100 times) .
Interesting , this should be able to be hyperreal . Diffraction patterns (as with insect , bird and reptile scales) could give blue-to UV light that the mammalian optical systems will interpret as hyperreal .And hyperactive .
Speculation :
Mammalian loss of these dopsins are thought to be the result of low level of light on the forest floor .
But what if the scaly animals had evolved to use Blue and UV as a weapon ?
It would have reduced melatonin production even in darkness .
Imagine huge , impregnable Dinosaur behemoths with a skin ecology of luminescent bacteria , the light diffracting from their scales into the blue and UV .
A magnificent sight !
Remnants :
Birds with brilliant UV plumages should have DNA of the lumenifages in suppressed state . Or you can do it the hard way from the skins of late-stage dinosaurs .
Light-flash Extinction :
An amusing thought . The extremely bright flashes of the meteors would have burned out the skin ecology of the dinosaurs , the subsequent darkness sending them into a terminal melatonin deep sleep . See FireFall .
This can be tested . Since melatonin is a terminal antioxidant , the breakdown products should be measurable even after 65 MY .
Chickens and flu's
The diseases can be seen as stripped-down versions of skin-symbiotes of the old dinosaurs . The worst thing you can do is subject them to UV Like in brooders . Self-assembly of old sequences will follow . A very old revenge .
What is a poor mammal to do ?
Because of the very many uses of melatonin , there is no single solution .
Sometimes you need more , sometimes less . The trick is to know when .
Also , the sources depend on light (especially blue light or UV) , gut , immune system , brain , pills(slow release or fast release) etc .
The basic principle is that it stops things dead . Slowly or quickly .
There is a tie-in with the sulfur mechanism that is responsible for the immobilization of all molecular cellular activity (concentrations of H2S about 80 ppm)
Melatonin stops the H2S blockage . At extremely low concentrations .
Look at the molecule .
This is a typical life-system . Blockages of blockages of blockages leading to a system with graduated responses .
Too little melatonin , and H2S is not sufficiently blocked and the organism goes into stasis . Sleep .
Evolved into hibernation . The long light periods led to depletion of melatonin , leading to H2S hibernation . Neat .
SAD is a direct consequence . Too much melatonin leads to neurotransmitter depletion (especially serotonin)
A berserker has to generate high levels of neurotransmitters internally .
Take a pill !
As seen above , the system has many variants . Endo- and exo- just to start with . There are adjuvants (valerian is one) . Epigenetic variants are possible , but this system is so basic that I think adjuvants would give better results .
So , take a pill with timing and accompanying chemicals .
Each one should target a separate system .
Ageing
The H2S system freezes things . The melatonin system unfreezes it .Pulsing the system enables living and repairing . Sleep with very carefully metered SO2 will enable a very long life for those interested .
Who wants to live forever ?
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix A
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin
"Antioxidant
Besides its function as synchronizer of the biological clock, melatonin also exerts a powerful antioxidant activity. The discovery of melatonin as an antioxidant was made in 1993.[85] In many less complex life forms, this is its only known function.[86] Melatonin is an antioxidantthat can easily cross cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier.[6] Melatonin is a direct scavenger of OH, O2−, and NO.[87] Unlike other antioxidants, melatonin does not undergoredox cycling, the ability of a molecule to undergo reduction and oxidation repeatedly. Redox cycling may allow other antioxidants (such as vitamin C) to act as pro-oxidants, counterintuitively promoting free radical formation. Melatonin, on the other hand, once oxidized, cannot be reduced to its former state because it forms several stable end-products upon reacting with free radicals. Therefore, it has been referred to as a terminal (or suicidal) antioxidant.[88] "
Appendix B
" A potential mechanism is that melatonin promotes the recruitment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as enhances its activity.[48] This effect would raise the basal metabolic rate by stimulating thermogenesis, heat generation through uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria."
Appendix C
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_response_curve#Melatonin_PRC
"PRC in neurons
Phase response curve analysis can be used to understand the intrinsic properties and oscillatory behavior of regular-spiking neurons.[8] The neuronal PRCs can be classified as being purely positive (PRC type I) or as having negative parts (PRC type II). Importantly, the PRC type exhibited by a neuron is indicative of its input–output function (excitability) as well as synchronization behavior: networks of PRC type II neurons can synchronize their activity via mutual excitatory connections, but those of PRC type I can not.[9]
Experimental estimation of PRC in living, regular-spiking neurons involves measuring the changes in inter-spike interval in response to a small perturbation, such as a transient pulse of current. Notably, the PRC of a neuron is not fixed but may change when firing frequency[10] or neuromodulatory state of the neuron[11] is changed."
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Appendix III
A Vaccine for Overpopulation
Andre Willers
7 Apr 2012
Synopsis:
A prion disease removed natural epigenetic fertility controls circa 1704 AD . A vaccine is possible to train the immune system to recognize and remove the prion culprit .
Discussion :
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Neanderthal Harbours” Apr 2012
Why a prion ?
Prions work by selectively disrupting the “read” process of the ribosome . Like putting a blank piece of paper in front of the letters to be photocopied . In scrapies and madcow , it is the “END” codon that is elided . The ribosome just keeps on copying proteins . See SciAm and NewScientist . This has a survival value for species in stressed circumstances , but is a bit tough on individuals .
Prions are also highly infectious . See
1.http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/05/19/natural-born-prion-killers-lichens-degrade-mad-cow-related-brain-pathogen/
“What has made prions difficult to control is their infamous durability. Boil water for a few minutes, and all the bacteria and viruses will be gone. Not so for the prion: it will be just fine, reaAs if it weren’t bad enough that deadly prions can survive boiling and radiation, now comes word that aerosolized forms of the pathogen can enter the nose and find their way to the brain, with fatal consequences.dy to infect. How does it fare in a dry heat of 600 degrees C? No problem there, either. How about ionizing radiation? Bring it on.”
2.scientificamerican.com/obseblogs.rvations/2011/01/13/bad-prion-breath-mad-cow-disease-agent-can-infect-via-the-air/
“As if it weren’t bad enough that deadly prions can survive boiling and radiation, now comes word that aerosolized forms of the pathogen can enter the nose and find their way to the brain, with fatal consequences.”
Epigenetics :
There is a sophisticated feedback process at epigenetic level monitoring population-level signals . A development of bacterial quorum-systems . Evolution does not favour Growth-without-limit , otherwise we would not have quorum systems . Remember , bacteria are the majority lifeform . This is the mistake Malthus made .
Malthus :
His Primary assumption was that populations grow to the limit of carrying capacity . This simply was not true before 1704 AD . But when he lived (1766-1874) it was , because the safety catches had been taken off . This happened because of a prion disease from some island off Scotland , rapidly infecting the rest of the world . And no disinfection then or now will work .
Is a vaccine possible ?
Yes. Simple , too .Take the negation of the END codon . The folded prion protein must have the precise lock-on DNA configuration and is thus targetable by tailored anti-bodies . A teensy-weensy problem is to zap only proteins with this configuration . But the heavy lifting has already been done . Neanderthal-derived families with few children should have the requisite molecules . And there are lots of them around the Med .
What does this mean ?
The overpopulation epidemic seems to have run it’s course in the first affected areas (Western Europe , North America) , but not yet in other parts of the world . The creation of a vaccine will cause major political problems . But it will probably share the characteristics of the original disease . Impossible to prevent , and very infectious . It is just the return to the natural state .
Interesting Asides :
1.What does the plants have to say about this ?
Remember , these are not conscious systems . But they are very effective .
Some plants have positive feedback relationship with humans . Grains and especially ones used in weaving . The introduction of woven cloths has always led to a population explosion . The fibres in close contact with the skin leads to positive feedbacks for prions suppressing epigenetic population control . Slow to start , but all plant weaves today encourages fertility .(By definition) . And they all target the same area in the epigenetic system . To find a vaccine , go to the nearest shop and buy any woven material . Look for prions .
2.Oh no !
Whisky . The Scottish Islands in 1704 AD exported mainly people , whisky and wool . All would carry the prions , but whisky the easiest of all . No wonder it was called the “Water of Life” . It was. People who drank it had more children . So , when you look for Person(0) , you know where to look . And look at whisky sales routes for subsequent spread of the infection . I guess this falls under the “some good news and some bad news” classification .
Should humans develop and employ an anti-fertility vaccine ?
They can do it now . But should they ? Well , they are going to do it in any case for short-term advantages , but they should simultaneously develop antidotes to the vaccine .
Places like Italy are already into negative population growth , and if you look at their fashions you can see why . (What! You think plants don’t have fashions ? Good luck with your sex-life . A fashionable fabric by definition promotes the sex-life of it’s partner .)
God’s Mercy
Instead of fashionably going extinct or superhuman , the possible pathways for human futures suddenly un-pinched from a neat two to a messy infinity . For some unfathomable reason the Powers-that-be decided to extend humanity’s term . The pinching-off branches have opened up . (The time-aspects were not predetermined . Think of it as a change in top-down chaotic attractors . You don’t have the terms)
Not my idea . I am but a time-limited pen , rather sourly recording .
Oh well .
Back to long-term planning .
“What God wants , God gets”
Andre
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Andre Willers
23 Apr 2012
“Too tired to keep on living , too scared to die” : Old Man River
Synopsis :
Fatigue , old age and fertility are related via quorum mechanisms , using telomeres and prions . We try to find a logical pathway connecting them .
Discussion :
1.Fatigue :
Prof Tim Noakes , a foremost sports scientist (see “Challenging beliefs” , (ISBN 978 1 77022 459 9) 2012 edition) p 328 et al) found that “my brain always wanted me to quit when I had covered about 66 percent of the race distance . I gather that this is not an uncommon response.”
Now see http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Infinite Probes in Optimization” Jan 2008 and others around then . Repeated in Appendix I for your ease .
Note the arguments about Reserves . In general systems have evolved to keep a reserve of 33 percent . Hence the finding of Noakes . (This result is found everywhere in old evolutionary systems) .
The interesting question : how does the brain-body system “know” at a deep level what the requirements will be ? Noakes gives a strong indication : “What I do know is that since understanding the nature of these regulatory processes in the central governor , I no longer suffer from this specific symptom to quit either in training or racing . Others report the same .”
In other words , there exists a mechanism that releases the Reserve .It is tempting to think that this is a brain thing , but we find it in all undomesticated animals . Note that domesticated horses will run until they die . The Reserve switch has been bred into a permanent “off” position . A definite genetic mechanism exists , associated with aggression and startle-responses .
This points to the amygdala , a notoriously stupid system . It will treat any startlement as a signal to hoard reserves . (Ie if your heart sinks at the thought of a 100 km race , you will experience extreme fatigue after 66 km , even if you are driving a car .)
But how does it work ?
Somewhere along the line neuronal signals have to be translated into chemical signals that the cells and mitochondria understand . Luckily , we have a very good candidate in the Orexin class of neurotransmitters , manufactured in the hypothalamus .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orexin
“Orexin, also called hypocretin, is a neurotransmitter that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite.[1] The most common form of narcolepsy, in which the sufferer briefly loses muscle tone (cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells that produce it.[2]
The brain contains very few cells that produce orexin: in a human brain, about 10,000 to 20,000 neurons[2] in thehypothalamus.[1] However, the axons from these neurons extend throughout the entire brain and spinal cord,[3] where there are also receptors for orexin.”
There is an intimate connection with Melatonin . See Appendix II below .
Briefly , Orexins excite feedback loops , and Melatonin as the ultimate Enforcer curtail these feedbacks .
But in a living , evolutionary organism it does not stay as simple as that .
Examples:
1.An athlete training with low dosages of melatonin will have a significant advantage if he stops using them before the big race. (A pulse of orexins will result)
2.Orexin suppressants should be used sparingly , as there will be a synergistic reaction with normal melatonin cycles .
Still , melatonin remains a useful intervention .
What has this to do with Old Age and Fertility ?
Basically , epigenic and prion mechanisms are have evolved to limit the fertility and longevity of populations . The quorum system , adapted from bacteria , is used extensively .
See Appendix III below for the Fertility Epidemic .
Old age Epidemic :
A prion disrupts the ribosome read from the histone that codes for telomere regeneration . This would be related to the fertility plague prion . We would expect that the fertility plague prion would interfere with the Old Age prion . Thus , from 1704 AD onwards , infected individuals would live longer .
Essentially , from a biochemical viewpoint , the organism just becomes too tired to keep on living .
Interesting asides :
1.Fleming Effect .
We would expect infected humans to become smarter , as neuron-pruning would decrease.
( The pruning mechanism works on the same principles.)
2.Autoimmune diseases and cancers would increase for the same reason . Aberrancies also live longer . Nothing to do with the environment .
3.Diabetes II : very probably a prion disease . Hence it’s epidemiological aspects . Look at the histone coding for orexins .If it is so , an antibody can be manufactured to eliminate Diabetes II causing prions . Not an immediate cure , but a cure as long as you take the antibody . Like gout . (Sigh . The pharma’s will love this .)
“Awake! The spear of Dawn puts the stars to flight! “ Omar Khayam
Andre
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Appendix I
Infinite Probes in Optimization .
Andre Willers
5 Jan 2008
Definitions:
n! = n*(n-1)*(n-2)*(n-3)*…*1
The Euclidean Constant e .
e = (1/1! + 1/2! + 1/3!+ 1/4!… )
=2.178…
I will make it as simple as possible using costs and temporal sequences as examples .
Assume that the elements of a system are identifiable and repetitive .
The rules of Arithmetic can then be applied .
Take any such system . By definition it can then be subdivided indefinitely . Each subdivision of r elements can have r! possible permutations (or states) .
Let there be a CostReserve to cover unknown costs in the failure of any element in a group .
Key Assumption
Let at least one element of each r be Aristotelian False (ie a failure cost item)
The Total cost of failure will be the sum of the cost of failures of the elements.
(ReserveCost) *( (1/1! + 1/2! + 1/3!+ 1/4!… ))= (TotalCost)
Your Reserve times the sum of individual failures = total
This defines the boundary .
This is the optimization equation .
This is equal to
ReserveCost / TotalCost = 1/e ~ 0.37
This means that you should not consider an endeavour where the rate of return is less than 37% . This is the long-term break-even point from a probabilistic viewpoint .
This equation is independent of space or time .
Any society (any at all ) that does not deliver 37%+ returns gets zapped by the chaotic downturns .
Since vested interests always decrease rates of returns , empires rise and fall .
The probe can be used in any infinite series , but care has to be taken to define the terms .
An Interesting corollary :
The alert reader would have noticed that the above is true for when there is always at least one false item per group .
What if there is at least one true item per group ? This is approached as follows:
In trading systems , individual items can be identified . The cost of failure in an individual item is then = 1/ (r!/r) = 1/ (r-1)!
The summation is then
(ReserveCost/Item)*(1*1/1! + 2*1/2! + 3*1/3!+ 4*1/4!… ))= (TotalCost)
(ReserveCost/Item)*(1 + 1 + 1/2!+ 1/3!… ))= (TotalCost)
(ReserveCost/Item) / (TotalCost) = 1/(1+e) ~ 0.27
As can be seen , trading systems will survive the collapse of empires . There is a whole 10% difference favouring traders . Recovery systems will then also favor traders .
This is the underlying reason why Stalinistic Communism failed and Chinese went trader . The VOC and East India Co . are good examples .
Ten percent is just too much .
Ho-ho-ho !
The average between 0.37 and 0.27 is roughly 0.33 . A third .Can you see where this is relevant in any infinite situation where uncertainty rules?
Non-Failure Ratio
A non-failure ratio of (1- 1/3) ~2/3 summated over infinity = (2/3) / (1-2/3) =2 .
This means that any system that can be described or broken up into smaller groups is strongly ordered . Successful subgroups survive by a factor of 2 . This is built into the mathematics of the Universe . Life is one such sub-group , so are particles ,etc . Negative entropy is the rule . Life is everywhere . Positive entropy only holds in the most primitive and earliest systems .
Beautiful!
Quantum and non-quantum systems are the same .
Singularity Points.
27% and 37% are singularity points , as are (100-27)=63% and 53% . SocioEconomic systems destabilize at these points . Regardless whether they are human , alien , japanese , chinese or any other sort of ese .
Any society where more than a third of productive enterprise is spent without engendering new wealth creation is doomed .
Tax rates of more than 27% reduce trade . Tax rates between 27% and 37% will let it limp along . Tax rates over 37% is a disaster waiting to happen . It is that simple , and no amount of pontificating will change the realities of economics .
The tax rate anchored between 0% and 27% will follow a catenary . The optimal will be halfway (12.5%) . This would be the optimal VAT rate . Note that deviations from this (up or down) leads to social unrest . The unrest is not linear , but catenary . In other words , it gets rapidly worse as it approaches the anchor points of 0 or 27 % . This is true of any civilization , human or alien . It is inherent in the mathematics .
These are absolute rates , not relative .
The RepoRate .
The tax on new money . If the reporate plus profits stay away from the singularity points (27% , 37%) there is no problem.
What about undefined realities ? Refer to
http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Topos:
Note in the definitions above , that as groups are divided by n , and n->infinity , the system approaches undefined “thingies” . Hence , it can be used as a probe into undefined realms .
Marriage:
An interesting corollary is optimizing pairings of two . The theory above says that random pairing will lead to a failure rate of 37% . Observation seems to bear this out .
To optimize : Note and keep track the best features of the first 37/100 daters , then seriously consider the first anybody after that who equals or better the standards of the first 37
This optimizes your chances .
This result has been independently reached in games theory
Note that your body is independently doing this sort of infinite analysis . Hence speed dating , cocktail parties , mingling , etc .
A good algorithm is to speed date at least 50 persons . Do not do this if you cannot handle rejection , since this concentrates years of normal rejection into a few weeks .
A therapeutic mechanism? Sects use this whipsaw mechanism of rejection (by the outside world) and warm acceptance by the sect to create mini-societies .
Hence cold-canvassing . Rejection binds them closer . Any converts are a bonus . Most real converts are made by on-on-one contact .
But that is also the definition of most successful families .
If you are stupid and ugly , and can handle speed dating , you are a better man than I am , Human .
Virtual speed dating .
Analogous to cures for fear of heights , fear of confined spaces , etc . Considerable success has been achieved in reprogramming the amygdala for these and related phobias using virtual reality .
A Virtual Rejection website will make money .
That’s OK if somebody learns from it .
Another way for actresses or avatars to make money .
“I was rejected 1000 times by Lara”
“Balls rejected by Lara TombRaider as not dusty enough.”
The mind boggles .
Andre
Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix II
Melatonin and Dinosaurs .
Andre Willers
14 Jun 2011
"Sleep that knits up the ravell'd sleave of care " Shakespeare
Synopsis :
Melatonin ended up in various evolutionary roles because of it's powerful , terminal antioxidant effect . Many neurotransmitters (especially NO classes) can be seen as free radicals . (See Appendix A)
Melatonin is Nature's Terminator . (See Appendix C)
Discussion:
A handy Terminator got roped into being the Enforcer for various feedback systems that had to be kept from repeating .
Examples :
1.Cancers (eg breast , prostate cancers)
Interruption of signaling molecules .
2.Circadian rhythms of the brain (sleep)
Dismantling runaway feedback systems before they corrupt long-term memory irreparably (sense of self) See Appendix C
3.Gut rhythms :
A separate system Melatonin excretion by various cells and bacteria .
4.Bile :
Funnily enough , a separate system . Why ?
Tied to the energy system and things like diabetes .
5.Mitochondria :
A sophisticated auto-governor on rates of activity relative to intra-cell position .
Really simple . Really cool . (Think a steam engine's governor) See Appendix B.
6.Skin
As expected , such a powerful terminal antioxidant will also be on the ramparts against foreign invaders (like in the gut)
7 Immune system
Basically a memory system , with potentially unlimited feedback .
Melatonin will terminate this as well , especially in localized , concentrated doses .
But note the correlation between blue-light and HIV .
Very high-intensity pulses of blue light (484 nanometers) or UV should disable the HIV virus .
Contradictions :
This is only seven usages .There are probably more . The same concentrations of melatonin cannot serve all .
Hence , melatonin receptors evolved to meter and control cellular responses .
As well as dopsin receptors in the visual systems .
Loss of UV Dopsins
About 100 MYA for mammals . Remnants (melanopsins) are still responsible for nervous system entrainment , but some biological adaptability (ie getting melatonin from diet) was lost .
It also means that humans are especially vulnerable to depression of melatonin production by light in the Blue Wavelengths (484 nanometers) . CFL and LED lights .
This means that you should only use blue lights if you want to be alert . The effect is very strong (about 100 times) .
Interesting , this should be able to be hyperreal . Diffraction patterns (as with insect , bird and reptile scales) could give blue-to UV light that the mammalian optical systems will interpret as hyperreal .And hyperactive .
Speculation :
Mammalian loss of these dopsins are thought to be the result of low level of light on the forest floor .
But what if the scaly animals had evolved to use Blue and UV as a weapon ?
It would have reduced melatonin production even in darkness .
Imagine huge , impregnable Dinosaur behemoths with a skin ecology of luminescent bacteria , the light diffracting from their scales into the blue and UV .
A magnificent sight !
Remnants :
Birds with brilliant UV plumages should have DNA of the lumenifages in suppressed state . Or you can do it the hard way from the skins of late-stage dinosaurs .
Light-flash Extinction :
An amusing thought . The extremely bright flashes of the meteors would have burned out the skin ecology of the dinosaurs , the subsequent darkness sending them into a terminal melatonin deep sleep . See FireFall .
This can be tested . Since melatonin is a terminal antioxidant , the breakdown products should be measurable even after 65 MY .
Chickens and flu's
The diseases can be seen as stripped-down versions of skin-symbiotes of the old dinosaurs . The worst thing you can do is subject them to UV Like in brooders . Self-assembly of old sequences will follow . A very old revenge .
What is a poor mammal to do ?
Because of the very many uses of melatonin , there is no single solution .
Sometimes you need more , sometimes less . The trick is to know when .
Also , the sources depend on light (especially blue light or UV) , gut , immune system , brain , pills(slow release or fast release) etc .
The basic principle is that it stops things dead . Slowly or quickly .
There is a tie-in with the sulfur mechanism that is responsible for the immobilization of all molecular cellular activity (concentrations of H2S about 80 ppm)
Melatonin stops the H2S blockage . At extremely low concentrations .
Look at the molecule .
This is a typical life-system . Blockages of blockages of blockages leading to a system with graduated responses .
Too little melatonin , and H2S is not sufficiently blocked and the organism goes into stasis . Sleep .
Evolved into hibernation . The long light periods led to depletion of melatonin , leading to H2S hibernation . Neat .
SAD is a direct consequence . Too much melatonin leads to neurotransmitter depletion (especially serotonin)
A berserker has to generate high levels of neurotransmitters internally .
Take a pill !
As seen above , the system has many variants . Endo- and exo- just to start with . There are adjuvants (valerian is one) . Epigenetic variants are possible , but this system is so basic that I think adjuvants would give better results .
So , take a pill with timing and accompanying chemicals .
Each one should target a separate system .
Ageing
The H2S system freezes things . The melatonin system unfreezes it .Pulsing the system enables living and repairing . Sleep with very carefully metered SO2 will enable a very long life for those interested .
Who wants to live forever ?
Andre
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Appendix A
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin
"Antioxidant
Besides its function as synchronizer of the biological clock, melatonin also exerts a powerful antioxidant activity. The discovery of melatonin as an antioxidant was made in 1993.[85] In many less complex life forms, this is its only known function.[86] Melatonin is an antioxidantthat can easily cross cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier.[6] Melatonin is a direct scavenger of OH, O2−, and NO.[87] Unlike other antioxidants, melatonin does not undergoredox cycling, the ability of a molecule to undergo reduction and oxidation repeatedly. Redox cycling may allow other antioxidants (such as vitamin C) to act as pro-oxidants, counterintuitively promoting free radical formation. Melatonin, on the other hand, once oxidized, cannot be reduced to its former state because it forms several stable end-products upon reacting with free radicals. Therefore, it has been referred to as a terminal (or suicidal) antioxidant.[88] "
Appendix B
" A potential mechanism is that melatonin promotes the recruitment of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as well as enhances its activity.[48] This effect would raise the basal metabolic rate by stimulating thermogenesis, heat generation through uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria."
Appendix C
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_response_curve#Melatonin_PRC
"PRC in neurons
Phase response curve analysis can be used to understand the intrinsic properties and oscillatory behavior of regular-spiking neurons.[8] The neuronal PRCs can be classified as being purely positive (PRC type I) or as having negative parts (PRC type II). Importantly, the PRC type exhibited by a neuron is indicative of its input–output function (excitability) as well as synchronization behavior: networks of PRC type II neurons can synchronize their activity via mutual excitatory connections, but those of PRC type I can not.[9]
Experimental estimation of PRC in living, regular-spiking neurons involves measuring the changes in inter-spike interval in response to a small perturbation, such as a transient pulse of current. Notably, the PRC of a neuron is not fixed but may change when firing frequency[10] or neuromodulatory state of the neuron[11] is changed."
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Appendix III
A Vaccine for Overpopulation
Andre Willers
7 Apr 2012
Synopsis:
A prion disease removed natural epigenetic fertility controls circa 1704 AD . A vaccine is possible to train the immune system to recognize and remove the prion culprit .
Discussion :
See http://andreswhy.blogspot.com “Neanderthal Harbours” Apr 2012
Why a prion ?
Prions work by selectively disrupting the “read” process of the ribosome . Like putting a blank piece of paper in front of the letters to be photocopied . In scrapies and madcow , it is the “END” codon that is elided . The ribosome just keeps on copying proteins . See SciAm and NewScientist . This has a survival value for species in stressed circumstances , but is a bit tough on individuals .
Prions are also highly infectious . See
1.http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/2011/05/19/natural-born-prion-killers-lichens-degrade-mad-cow-related-brain-pathogen/
“What has made prions difficult to control is their infamous durability. Boil water for a few minutes, and all the bacteria and viruses will be gone. Not so for the prion: it will be just fine, reaAs if it weren’t bad enough that deadly prions can survive boiling and radiation, now comes word that aerosolized forms of the pathogen can enter the nose and find their way to the brain, with fatal consequences.dy to infect. How does it fare in a dry heat of 600 degrees C? No problem there, either. How about ionizing radiation? Bring it on.”
2.scientificamerican.com/obseblogs.rvations/2011/01/13/bad-prion-breath-mad-cow-disease-agent-can-infect-via-the-air/
“As if it weren’t bad enough that deadly prions can survive boiling and radiation, now comes word that aerosolized forms of the pathogen can enter the nose and find their way to the brain, with fatal consequences.”
Epigenetics :
There is a sophisticated feedback process at epigenetic level monitoring population-level signals . A development of bacterial quorum-systems . Evolution does not favour Growth-without-limit , otherwise we would not have quorum systems . Remember , bacteria are the majority lifeform . This is the mistake Malthus made .
Malthus :
His Primary assumption was that populations grow to the limit of carrying capacity . This simply was not true before 1704 AD . But when he lived (1766-1874) it was , because the safety catches had been taken off . This happened because of a prion disease from some island off Scotland , rapidly infecting the rest of the world . And no disinfection then or now will work .
Is a vaccine possible ?
Yes. Simple , too .Take the negation of the END codon . The folded prion protein must have the precise lock-on DNA configuration and is thus targetable by tailored anti-bodies . A teensy-weensy problem is to zap only proteins with this configuration . But the heavy lifting has already been done . Neanderthal-derived families with few children should have the requisite molecules . And there are lots of them around the Med .
What does this mean ?
The overpopulation epidemic seems to have run it’s course in the first affected areas (Western Europe , North America) , but not yet in other parts of the world . The creation of a vaccine will cause major political problems . But it will probably share the characteristics of the original disease . Impossible to prevent , and very infectious . It is just the return to the natural state .
Interesting Asides :
1.What does the plants have to say about this ?
Remember , these are not conscious systems . But they are very effective .
Some plants have positive feedback relationship with humans . Grains and especially ones used in weaving . The introduction of woven cloths has always led to a population explosion . The fibres in close contact with the skin leads to positive feedbacks for prions suppressing epigenetic population control . Slow to start , but all plant weaves today encourages fertility .(By definition) . And they all target the same area in the epigenetic system . To find a vaccine , go to the nearest shop and buy any woven material . Look for prions .
2.Oh no !
Whisky . The Scottish Islands in 1704 AD exported mainly people , whisky and wool . All would carry the prions , but whisky the easiest of all . No wonder it was called the “Water of Life” . It was. People who drank it had more children . So , when you look for Person(0) , you know where to look . And look at whisky sales routes for subsequent spread of the infection . I guess this falls under the “some good news and some bad news” classification .
Should humans develop and employ an anti-fertility vaccine ?
They can do it now . But should they ? Well , they are going to do it in any case for short-term advantages , but they should simultaneously develop antidotes to the vaccine .
Places like Italy are already into negative population growth , and if you look at their fashions you can see why . (What! You think plants don’t have fashions ? Good luck with your sex-life . A fashionable fabric by definition promotes the sex-life of it’s partner .)
God’s Mercy
Instead of fashionably going extinct or superhuman , the possible pathways for human futures suddenly un-pinched from a neat two to a messy infinity . For some unfathomable reason the Powers-that-be decided to extend humanity’s term . The pinching-off branches have opened up . (The time-aspects were not predetermined . Think of it as a change in top-down chaotic attractors . You don’t have the terms)
Not my idea . I am but a time-limited pen , rather sourly recording .
Oh well .
Back to long-term planning .
“What God wants , God gets”
Andre
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